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What is the primary function of a router?
Routers cannot connect to multiple networks.
False
What operating system do routers primarily use?
Cisco IOS
Routers use ________ to determine the best path for sending packets.
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Match each router component with its function:
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Which component is NOT typically found in a router?
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Static routes are one of the methods used by routers to learn about remote networks.
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What two pieces of IP address information need to be configured on a device for network access?
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What is the purpose of a default gateway?
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A router interface is activated by default.
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What basic task should be performed to secure management access on a Cisco Router?
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A network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses and subnet mask, and the ___.
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Match the following network device functionalities:
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Which command is essential to activate a router interface?
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The management IP address on a switch is assigned directly to physical interfaces.
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What is one optional feature that can be included when configuring a router interface?
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Which dynamic routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?
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Equal cost load balancing can only be configured for dynamic routing protocols.
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What does Administrative Distance (AD) determine in routing?
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A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of ___.
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Which metrics are considered by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?
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Match the following routing protocols with their metrics:
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The show ip route command displays the contents of the routing table.
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What are the three types of routes contained in a routing table?
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Which of the following are sources for routing table entries?
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Static routes are automatically updated when network topology changes.
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What are the two types of entries created by an active, configured directly connected interface?
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A _____ static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.
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Match the routing table entry types with their descriptions:
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What command is used to configure a static route to a specific network?
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What command is used to configure a default static route?
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Dynamic routing protocols add entries to the routing table only when they are manually configured.
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Dynamic routing does not help maintain routing tables.
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What is a key benefit of using static routes in a routing table?
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Name two dynamic routing protocols supported by Cisco ISR routers.
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Dynamic routing is used by routers to share information about the reachability and status of ________ networks.
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Match the following dynamic IPv4 routing protocols with their descriptions:
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What component is essential for a router to process routing tasks?
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Routers use both static routes and dynamic routing protocols to determine the best path for sending packets.
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What is the purpose of a routing table in a router?
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Routers encapsulate packets and forward them to the interface indicated in the ________ table.
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Match the following router components with their descriptions:
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Which of the following devices must be configured with an IP address and a subnet mask for network access?
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Networking devices require a default gateway to connect to remote networks.
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What do routers use to learn about remote networks?
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Which command provides a brief overview of the router interfaces?
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Routing protocols use the highest metric to determine the best path to a network.
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What must be verified to ensure connectivity of directly connected networks?
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A _____ is used to measure the distance to a given network in routing.
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Match the following commands with their purposes:
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Which step is NOT part of the packet switching process by a router?
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The 'show running-config' command is used to verify operation and configuration of interfaces.
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What is the primary function of a router in terms of packet handling?
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What is the primary purpose of a default gateway?
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A router interface is activated by default when configured.
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What command is used to enable a router interface?
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A network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses and subnet mask, and the ______.
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Match the following basic configuration tasks on a Cisco router with their descriptions:
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Which of the following tasks should be performed first on a Cisco Router?
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A management IP address on a switch is assigned to a physical interface.
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What information must be configured for a router interface to become usable?
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What metric does the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) use to determine the best route?
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Equal cost load balancing can be configured using both dynamic routing protocols and static routes.
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What is the Administrative Distance (AD) of a directly connected route?
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RIP uses ___________ as its primary metric for routing decisions.
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Match the following routing protocols with their respective metrics:
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Which command is used to display the contents of the routing table?
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Static routes are always more reliable than dynamic routes.
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What type of routes does the routing table contain?
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Which of the following entries are created by an active, configured directly connected interface?
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Static routes must be manually updated if there is a change in network topology.
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What command is used to create a static route to a specific network?
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A _____ static route is utilized when there is no path for the destination network in the routing table.
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Match the routing table entry types with their descriptions:
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What is one of the benefits of implementing static routes?
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Dynamic routing protocols add entries to the routing table only when they are manually configured.
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What must occur for directly connected interfaces to be added to the routing table?
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What is the primary responsibility of a router?
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Routers can only use static routes to learn about remote networks.
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What type of operating system do routers primarily use?
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Routers connect multiple networks through their ______ interfaces.
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Match the following router components with their respective functions:
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What is stored in a routing table?
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A subnet mask helps identify a unique host on a local network.
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Name one component a router requires to operate effectively.
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Which command is used to gather detailed interface information?
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The best path to a network is determined by the highest metric.
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What is the primary purpose of the show ip route command?
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The command used to verify the operation and configuration of interfaces is ________.
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Match the routing decision with the appropriate action.
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What does a routing protocol's metric primarily measure?
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Directly connected networks do not require any verification for connectivity.
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Name one command that can be used to verify interface settings.
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Which of the following dynamic routing protocols is not supported by Cisco ISR routers?
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Static routes are automatically updated when the network topology changes.
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What command is used to configure a default static route?
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Dynamic routing protocols perform network discovery and maintain __________.
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Match the following routing protocols with their descriptions:
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Which routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?
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Administrative Distance (AD) is used to determine the reliability of a route.
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What command is used to display the contents of the routing table?
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A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of ___ .
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Match the following routing protocols to their metrics:
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What is a significant benefit of equal cost load balancing?
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Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) relies solely on bandwidth as its metric.
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What does the routing table store information about?
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What is the primary purpose of a default gateway?
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A router can have its interfaces activated by default.
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Name one piece of information that should be included in network documentation.
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To enable remote management on a switch, an IP address must be assigned to a __________ interface.
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Match the following basic tasks required to configure a Cisco Router:
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Which command is used to activate a router interface?
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Network addressing documentation includes only IP addresses and subnet masks.
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What must be done to configure a router interface?
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Study Notes
Router Functions
- Routers are specialized computers with a CPU, OS (Cisco IOS), and memory/storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive).
- Routers connect multiple networks through multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network.
- Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
- Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols for learning about remote networks and building routing tables.
- Routers use routing tables to encapsulate packets and forward them to the interface indicated in the table based on the best path.
- A default gateway is the router that packets are sent to when the destination is not on the same local network subnet.
- Network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways for topology diagrams and addressing tables.
- Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management: on a switch, this is assigned on a virtual interface.
Router Configuration
- Basic router configuration includes naming the device, securing management access, configuring a banner, and saving the configuration.
- To be available, a router interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask, and activated using the "no shutdown" command. LAN and WAN interfaces are not activated by default.
Routing
- Dynamic routing protocols:
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP): uses hop count
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): uses cost based on cumulative bandwidth from source to destination
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP): utilizes bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability
- Load balancing forwards packets over multiple paths with equal cost metrics equally.
- Administrative distance (AD) determines the most reliable path when multiple paths are available, with lower values indicating higher reliability. Direct connections have an AD of 0, static routes have an AD of 1, and EIGRP routes have an AD of 90.
- The routing table contains information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network/next hop associations.
- Routing table entries can be derived from local route interfaces, directly connected interfaces, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols.
- Remote network routing entries in the routing table display the network destination, next hop, and interface used for forwarding.
- A newly deployed router with no configured interfaces has an empty routing table. An active and configured directly connected interface creates two entries: Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C).
- Static routes are manually configured paths between two networking devices, and require updates if the topology changes. Benefits include improved security and control of resources.
- A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.
- Dynamic routing protocols are used to share information about network reachability and status, performing network discovery and maintaining routing tables.
- Cisco ISR routers support several dynamic IPv4 routing protocols: EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.
Router Functions
- Routers are specialized computers that contain the following components:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Operating System (OS) - Routers use Cisco IOS
- Memory and storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive)
- Routers interconnect networks by connecting multiple networks using multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network.
- Routers use static and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.
- Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
- Routers encapsulate the packet and forward it to the interface indicated in the routing table.
- Networks require IP address information, including:
- An IP address - Identifies a unique host on a local network
- A subnet mask - Identifies the host's network subnet
- A default gateway - Identifies the router to which a packet is sent when the destination is not on the same local network subnet
Router Networking Setup
- Network documentation should include:
- Device names
- Interfaces
- IP addresses and subnet mask
- Default gateways
- Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management.
- On a switch, the management IP address is assigned on a virtual interface.
- The following basic settings should be configured on a Cisco Router and Cisco Switch:
- Name the device - Distinguishes it from other routers
- Secure management access - Secures privileged EXEC, user EXEC, and Telnet access, and encrypts passwords
- Configure a banner - Provides legal notification of unauthorized access
- Save the Configuration.
- To be available, an interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask and activated using the ‘no shutdown’ command.
- By default, LAN, and WAN interfaces are not activated.
Routing Table & Path Determination
- The
show ip route
command is used to display the contents of the routing table. - The routing table contains information about:
- Directly connected routes
- Remote routes
- Network or next-hop associations
- The routing table is updated with entries from:
- Locally routed interfaces
- Directly connected interfaces
- Static routes
- Dynamic routing protocols
- When a router has multiple paths to a destination with equal cost metrics, it uses both paths equally, improving network performance.
- Equal cost load balancing can be configured to use dynamic routing protocols and static routes.
- RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP support equal cost load balancing.
- The lowest Administrative Distance (AD) determines the path installed in the routing table:
- A static route with an AD of 1 is more reliable than an EIGRP route with an AD of 90.
- A directly connected route with an AD of 0 is more reliable than a static route with an AD of 1.
- A metric is the value used to measure the distance to a given network.
- The best path to a network is the path with the lowest metric.
- Dynamic routing protocols build and update routing tables using their own rules and metrics:
- RIP - Hop count
- OSPF - Cost based on the cumulative bandwidth from source to destination
- EIGRP - Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability
- A newly deployed router, without configured interfaces, has an empty routing table.
- An active, configured, directly connected interface creates two routing table entries:
- Link Local (L)
- Directly connected (C)
- Static routes are manually configured, define an explicit path between two networking devices, and must be manually updated if the topology changes.
- The benefits of static routes include improved security and control of resources.
- A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.
-
ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf}
command configures a static route to a specific network. - By default, interfaces are not activated.
-
show ip interfaces brief
andshow ip interfaces
commands verify operation and configuration of an interface. -
show ip route
andshow running-config
command verify operation and configuration of an interface. -
show interfaces
command is used to gather more in-depth interface information.
Router Functions
- Routers are specialized computers with a CPU, operating system, and storage.
- Routers interconnect networks by having multiple interfaces with different IP networks.
- Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to build routing tables and determine the best path for packets, using metrics like hop count, bandwidth, delay, and reliability.
- Packets are encapsulated and forwarded to the interface indicated in the routing table.
- Routers connect devices by acting as default gateways, forwarding packets to the destination network.
Network Addressing and Documentation
- Network devices, including routers and switches, need IP addresses for remote management.
- Documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.
Basic Router Settings
- Basic tasks include naming the device, securing management access, configuring a banner for unauthorized access, and saving the configuration.
- Router interfaces need to be configured with an address and subnet mask and activated using the "no shutdown" command.
Verifying Connectivity
- Show commands like "show ip interfaces brief", "show ip route", and "show running-config" are used to verify interface settings and configuration.
- More detailed information can be gathered with "show interfaces" and "show ip interfaces."
Packet Switching
- Routers switch packets between networks by determining the next hop based on the destination address, routing information from the routing table, and the best path selection based on metrics.
Path Determination
- Best path is chosen based on the metric of the routing protocol, with the lowest metric considered the best path.
- Common routing protocols include RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP, each using different metrics.
- Load balancing can be used to distribute traffic over multiple paths with equal cost metrics.
Routing Table and Administrative Distance
- The routing table stores information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network or next hop associations.
- Administrative distance (AD) is used to prioritize routes when multiple paths exist, with lower AD indicating higher reliability.
- Directly connected routes have the lowest AD (0), followed by static routes (1).
Static and Dynamic Routing
- Static routes are manually configured and do not update automatically.
- Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to share information about network reachability and status, allowing for automatic updates and network discovery.
- Common dynamic routing protocols include EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential functions and configurations of routers in networking. Learn how routers connect multiple networks, utilize routing tables, and manage IP addresses for efficient data transmission. Understand the significance of static routes, dynamic routing protocols, and the role of default gateways.