Router Functions Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a router?

  • To provide internet access to client devices
  • To connect multiple devices within a single network
  • To store data on a hard drive
  • To route traffic between different networks (correct)

    • Routers cannot connect to multiple networks.

    False

    What operating system do routers primarily use?

    Cisco IOS

    Routers use ________ to determine the best path for sending packets.

    <p>routing tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each router component with its function:

    <p>CPU = Processes routing information RAM = Stores temporary operational data NVRAM = Stores configuration startup settings Flash = Holds the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically found in a router?

    <p>User Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are one of the methods used by routers to learn about remote networks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two pieces of IP address information need to be configured on a device for network access?

    <p>IP address and subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a default gateway?

    <p>To identify the router for packets sent to other networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A router interface is activated by default.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic task should be performed to secure management access on a Cisco Router?

    <p>Encrypt passwords to their highest level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses and subnet mask, and the ___.

    <p>default gateways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network device functionalities:

    <p>Default Gateway = Identifies the router for non-local packets Management IP = Assigned on a virtual interface Router Configuration = Includes name and banner setup Interface Activation = Requires 'no shutdown' command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is essential to activate a router interface?

    <p>no shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The management IP address on a switch is assigned directly to physical interfaces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one optional feature that can be included when configuring a router interface?

    <p>Description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynamic routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?

    <p>Routing Information Protocol (RIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equal cost load balancing can only be configured for dynamic routing protocols.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Administrative Distance (AD) determine in routing?

    <p>The reliability of different routing paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of ___.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metrics are considered by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)?

    <p>Delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols with their metrics:

    <p>RIP = Hop count OSPF = Cumulative bandwidth EIGRP = Bandwidth and delay Static Route = Administrative Distance of 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The show ip route command displays the contents of the routing table.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of routes contained in a routing table?

    <p>Directly connected routes, remote routes, network associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are sources for routing table entries?

    <p>Static routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are automatically updated when network topology changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of entries created by an active, configured directly connected interface?

    <p>Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.

    <p>default</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing table entry types with their descriptions:

    <p>L = Link Local C = Directly Connected S = Static Routes D = Dynamic Routing Protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to configure a static route to a specific network?

    <p>ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to configure a default static route?

    <p>ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols add entries to the routing table only when they are manually configured.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing does not help maintain routing tables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using static routes in a routing table?

    <p>Improved security and control of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two dynamic routing protocols supported by Cisco ISR routers.

    <p>EIGRP, OSPF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing is used by routers to share information about the reachability and status of ________ networks.

    <p>remote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dynamic IPv4 routing protocols with their descriptions:

    <p>EIGRP = Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol OSPF = Open Shortest Path First IS-IS = Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System RIP = Routing Information Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is essential for a router to process routing tasks?

    <p>Central Processing Unit (CPU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers use both static routes and dynamic routing protocols to determine the best path for sending packets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a routing table in a router?

    <p>To determine the best path for sending packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers encapsulate packets and forward them to the interface indicated in the ________ table.

    <p>routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following router components with their descriptions:

    <p>RAM = Temporary memory for processing tasks ROM = Permanent memory for boot processes Flash = Rewritable memory for IOS NVRAM = Non-volatile memory for configuration storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following devices must be configured with an IP address and a subnet mask for network access?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Networking devices require a default gateway to connect to remote networks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do routers use to learn about remote networks?

    <p>Static routes and dynamic routing protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command provides a brief overview of the router interfaces?

    <p>show ip interfaces brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routing protocols use the highest metric to determine the best path to a network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be verified to ensure connectivity of directly connected networks?

    <p>Interface settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ is used to measure the distance to a given network in routing.

    <p>metric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following commands with their purposes:

    <p>show ip route = Displays the contents of the routing table show running-config = Shows the active configuration of the device show interfaces = Provides detailed information about all interfaces show ip interfaces = Gathers information about IP settings on interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the packet switching process by a router?

    <p>Store the Packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'show running-config' command is used to verify operation and configuration of interfaces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router in terms of packet handling?

    <p>To route packets to their destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a default gateway?

    <p>To identify the router a packet is sent to when the destination is not on the same local network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A router interface is activated by default when configured.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to enable a router interface?

    <p>no shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses and subnet mask, and the ______.

    <p>default gateways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following basic configuration tasks on a Cisco router with their descriptions:

    <p>Name the device = Distinguishes the device from others Secure management access = Secures access and encrypts passwords Configure a banner = Provides legal notice of unauthorized access Save the configuration = Preserves configuration changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks should be performed first on a Cisco Router?

    <p>Name the device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A management IP address on a switch is assigned to a physical interface.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information must be configured for a router interface to become usable?

    <p>IP address and subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metric does the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) use to determine the best route?

    <p>Cost based on cumulative bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equal cost load balancing can be configured using both dynamic routing protocols and static routes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Administrative Distance (AD) of a directly connected route?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RIP uses ___________ as its primary metric for routing decisions.

    <p>hop count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols with their respective metrics:

    <p>RIP = Hop count OSPF = Cumulative bandwidth EIGRP = Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to display the contents of the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are always more reliable than dynamic routes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of routes does the routing table contain?

    <p>Directly connected routes and remote routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following entries are created by an active, configured directly connected interface?

    <p>Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes must be manually updated if there is a change in network topology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to create a static route to a specific network?

    <p>ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ static route is utilized when there is no path for the destination network in the routing table.

    <p>default</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing table entry types with their descriptions:

    <p>C = Directly Connected L = Link Local S = Static Route D = Dynamically Learned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the benefits of implementing static routes?

    <p>They improve security and control of network resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols add entries to the routing table only when they are manually configured.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for directly connected interfaces to be added to the routing table?

    <p>They must be configured and active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a router?

    <p>Routing traffic between networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers can only use static routes to learn about remote networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operating system do routers primarily use?

    <p>Cisco IOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers connect multiple networks through their ______ interfaces.

    <p>multiple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following router components with their respective functions:

    <p>CPU = Processes data RAM = Stores temporary data ROM = Stores permanent data NVRAM = Stores configuration data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in a routing table?

    <p>Routing paths to various networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A subnet mask helps identify a unique host on a local network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one component a router requires to operate effectively.

    <p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to gather detailed interface information?

    <p>show interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The best path to a network is determined by the highest metric.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the show ip route command?

    <p>To display the contents of the routing table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The command used to verify the operation and configuration of interfaces is ________.

    <p>show ip interfaces brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing decision with the appropriate action.

    <p>Send a Packet = Initial step in routing Forward to the Next Hop = Transmitting the packet to another router Path Determination = Choosing the optimal route Reach the Destination = Final delivery of the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a routing protocol's metric primarily measure?

    <p>Distance to reach a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Directly connected networks do not require any verification for connectivity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one command that can be used to verify interface settings.

    <p>show ip interfaces brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dynamic routing protocols is not supported by Cisco ISR routers?

    <p>BGP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are automatically updated when the network topology changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to configure a default static route?

    <p>ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols perform network discovery and maintain __________.

    <p>routing tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols with their descriptions:

    <p>EIGRP = Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol RIP = Routing Information Protocol OSPF = Open Shortest Path First IS-IS = Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?

    <p>Routing Information Protocol (RIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Administrative Distance (AD) is used to determine the reliability of a route.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to display the contents of the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A directly connected route has an Administrative Distance (AD) of ___ .

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols to their metrics:

    <p>Routing Information Protocol (RIP) = Hop count Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) = Cost based on cumulative bandwidth Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) = Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of equal cost load balancing?

    <p>It allows packets to be forwarded using multiple paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) relies solely on bandwidth as its metric.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the routing table store information about?

    <p>Directly connected routes, remote routes, network associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a default gateway?

    <p>Sends packets to a router when the destination is not in the same local network subnet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A router can have its interfaces activated by default.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one piece of information that should be included in network documentation.

    <p>Device names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To enable remote management on a switch, an IP address must be assigned to a __________ interface.

    <p>virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following basic tasks required to configure a Cisco Router:

    <p>Name the device = Identifies the router within the network Secure management access = Protects against unauthorized access Configure a banner = Provides legal notice of access Save the Configuration = Preserves router settings after a reboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to activate a router interface?

    <p>no shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Network addressing documentation includes only IP addresses and subnet masks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to configure a router interface?

    <p>Assign an IP address and subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Router Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers with a CPU, OS (Cisco IOS), and memory/storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive).
    • Routers connect multiple networks through multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network.
    • Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
    • Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols for learning about remote networks and building routing tables.
    • Routers use routing tables to encapsulate packets and forward them to the interface indicated in the table based on the best path.
    • A default gateway is the router that packets are sent to when the destination is not on the same local network subnet.
    • Network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways for topology diagrams and addressing tables.
    • Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management: on a switch, this is assigned on a virtual interface.

    Router Configuration

    • Basic router configuration includes naming the device, securing management access, configuring a banner, and saving the configuration.
    • To be available, a router interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask, and activated using the "no shutdown" command. LAN and WAN interfaces are not activated by default.

    Routing

    • Dynamic routing protocols:
      • Routing Information Protocol (RIP): uses hop count
      • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): uses cost based on cumulative bandwidth from source to destination
      • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP): utilizes bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability
    • Load balancing forwards packets over multiple paths with equal cost metrics equally.
    • Administrative distance (AD) determines the most reliable path when multiple paths are available, with lower values indicating higher reliability. Direct connections have an AD of 0, static routes have an AD of 1, and EIGRP routes have an AD of 90.
    • The routing table contains information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network/next hop associations.
    • Routing table entries can be derived from local route interfaces, directly connected interfaces, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols.
    • Remote network routing entries in the routing table display the network destination, next hop, and interface used for forwarding.
    • A newly deployed router with no configured interfaces has an empty routing table. An active and configured directly connected interface creates two entries: Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C).
    • Static routes are manually configured paths between two networking devices, and require updates if the topology changes. Benefits include improved security and control of resources.
    • A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.
    • Dynamic routing protocols are used to share information about network reachability and status, performing network discovery and maintaining routing tables.
    • Cisco ISR routers support several dynamic IPv4 routing protocols: EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.

    Router Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers that contain the following components:
      • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
      • Operating System (OS) - Routers use Cisco IOS
      • Memory and storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive)
    • Routers interconnect networks by connecting multiple networks using multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network.
    • Routers use static and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.
    • Routers use routing tables to determine the best path to send packets.
    • Routers encapsulate the packet and forward it to the interface indicated in the routing table.
    • Networks require IP address information, including:
      • An IP address - Identifies a unique host on a local network
      • A subnet mask - Identifies the host's network subnet
      • A default gateway - Identifies the router to which a packet is sent when the destination is not on the same local network subnet

    Router Networking Setup

    • Network documentation should include:
      • Device names
      • Interfaces
      • IP addresses and subnet mask
      • Default gateways
    • Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management.
    • On a switch, the management IP address is assigned on a virtual interface.
    • The following basic settings should be configured on a Cisco Router and Cisco Switch:
      • Name the device - Distinguishes it from other routers
      • Secure management access - Secures privileged EXEC, user EXEC, and Telnet access, and encrypts passwords
      • Configure a banner - Provides legal notification of unauthorized access
      • Save the Configuration.
    • To be available, an interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask and activated using the ‘no shutdown’ command.
    • By default, LAN, and WAN interfaces are not activated.

    Routing Table & Path Determination

    • The show ip route command is used to display the contents of the routing table.
    • The routing table contains information about:
      • Directly connected routes
      • Remote routes
      • Network or next-hop associations
    • The routing table is updated with entries from:
      • Locally routed interfaces
      • Directly connected interfaces
      • Static routes
      • Dynamic routing protocols
    • When a router has multiple paths to a destination with equal cost metrics, it uses both paths equally, improving network performance.
    • Equal cost load balancing can be configured to use dynamic routing protocols and static routes.
    • RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP support equal cost load balancing.
    • The lowest Administrative Distance (AD) determines the path installed in the routing table:
      • A static route with an AD of 1 is more reliable than an EIGRP route with an AD of 90.
      • A directly connected route with an AD of 0 is more reliable than a static route with an AD of 1.
    • A metric is the value used to measure the distance to a given network.
    • The best path to a network is the path with the lowest metric.
    • Dynamic routing protocols build and update routing tables using their own rules and metrics:
      • RIP - Hop count
      • OSPF - Cost based on the cumulative bandwidth from source to destination
      • EIGRP - Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability
    • A newly deployed router, without configured interfaces, has an empty routing table.
    • An active, configured, directly connected interface creates two routing table entries:
      • Link Local (L)
      • Directly connected (C)
    • Static routes are manually configured, define an explicit path between two networking devices, and must be manually updated if the topology changes.
    • The benefits of static routes include improved security and control of resources.
    • A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a destination network.
    • ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf} command configures a static route to a specific network.
    • By default, interfaces are not activated.
    • show ip interfaces brief and show ip interfaces commands verify operation and configuration of an interface.
    • show ip route and show running-config command verify operation and configuration of an interface.
    • show interfaces command is used to gather more in-depth interface information.

    Router Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers with a CPU, operating system, and storage.
    • Routers interconnect networks by having multiple interfaces with different IP networks.
    • Routers use static routes and dynamic routing protocols to build routing tables and determine the best path for packets, using metrics like hop count, bandwidth, delay, and reliability.
    • Packets are encapsulated and forwarded to the interface indicated in the routing table.
    • Routers connect devices by acting as default gateways, forwarding packets to the destination network.

    Network Addressing and Documentation

    • Network devices, including routers and switches, need IP addresses for remote management.
    • Documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.

    Basic Router Settings

    • Basic tasks include naming the device, securing management access, configuring a banner for unauthorized access, and saving the configuration.
    • Router interfaces need to be configured with an address and subnet mask and activated using the "no shutdown" command.

    Verifying Connectivity

    • Show commands like "show ip interfaces brief", "show ip route", and "show running-config" are used to verify interface settings and configuration.
    • More detailed information can be gathered with "show interfaces" and "show ip interfaces."

    Packet Switching

    • Routers switch packets between networks by determining the next hop based on the destination address, routing information from the routing table, and the best path selection based on metrics.

    Path Determination

    • Best path is chosen based on the metric of the routing protocol, with the lowest metric considered the best path.
    • Common routing protocols include RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP, each using different metrics.
    • Load balancing can be used to distribute traffic over multiple paths with equal cost metrics.

    Routing Table and Administrative Distance

    • The routing table stores information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network or next hop associations.
    • Administrative distance (AD) is used to prioritize routes when multiple paths exist, with lower AD indicating higher reliability.
    • Directly connected routes have the lowest AD (0), followed by static routes (1).

    Static and Dynamic Routing

    • Static routes are manually configured and do not update automatically.
    • Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to share information about network reachability and status, allowing for automatic updates and network discovery.
    • Common dynamic routing protocols include EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and RIP.

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    Cisco Router Functions PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential functions and configurations of routers in networking. Learn how routers connect multiple networks, utilize routing tables, and manage IP addresses for efficient data transmission. Understand the significance of static routes, dynamic routing protocols, and the role of default gateways.

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