Router Functions and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a default gateway?

  • To identify the local network
  • To direct packets to other local devices
  • To encrypt network traffic
  • To identify the router a packet is sent to when the destination is not on the same local network subnet (correct)

    • A router interface is activated by default.

    False

    What information should be included in network documentation?

    Device names, Interfaces, IP addresses and subnet mask, Default gateways

    A router must be configured with an address and __________ to be available.

    <p>subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tasks with their descriptions:

    <p>Name the device = Distinguishes it from other routers Secure management access = Secures privileged EXEC, user EXEC, and Telnet access Configure a banner = Provides legal notification of unauthorized access Save the Configuration = Preserves settings after a reboot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command must be used to activate a router interface?

    <p>no shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assigning an IP address is optional for network infrastructure devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a switch, the management IP address is assigned on a __________ interface.

    <p>virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynamic routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?

    <p>Routing Information Protocol (RIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses bandwidth as its routing metric.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the administrative distance (AD) of a directly connected route?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A routing table contains information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network or next hop associations, and is stored in __________.

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol supports equal cost load balancing?

    <p>RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes have a higher reliability compared to EIGRP-discovered routes when only considering administrative distance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to display the contents of the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing protocol with its respective metric:

    <p>RIP = Hop count OSPF = Cumulative bandwidth EIGRP = Bandwidth, delay, load, reliability Static route = Administrative distance of 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to configure a default static route?

    <p>ip route 0.0.0.0 <next-hop-ip></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing eliminates the need for routers to share information about reachability of networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one dynamic routing protocol supported by Cisco ISR routers.

    <p>EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The command used to configure a default static route includes 'ip route 0.0.0.0 __________'.

    <next-hop-ip or exit-intf> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols with their characteristics:

    <p>EIGRP = Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol OSPF = Open Shortest Path First IS-IS = Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System RIP = Routing Information Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of routes are added to the routing table when an interface is configured and active?

    <p>Directly connected interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols must be manually updated if the topology changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to configure a static route to a specific network?

    <p>ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A default static route is used when the routing table does not contain a path for a ________ network.

    <p>destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of route added to the routing table?

    <p>Transitory routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing table entries with their definitions:

    <p>Link Local (L) = A route to a directly connected interface Directly Connected (C) = An entry for a network that is directly reachable Static Route = Manually configured route defining a specific path Default Static Route = Used when no path exists for a destination network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once a static route is set, it need not be updated even if the network topology changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two routing table entries created by an active, configured, directly connected interface?

    <p>Link Local (L) and Directly Connected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of a router?

    <p>To route traffic between networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers do not require a central processing unit (CPU) to operate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operating system do routers typically use?

    <p>Cisco IOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers use ______ and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks.

    <p>static routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically found in a router?

    <p>Graphic processing unit (GPU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of a router with their functions:

    <p>CPU = Processes operations RAM = Provides temporary storage ROM = Stores firmware NVRAM = Stores configuration settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers can only connect to one IP network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for devices to access a network through a router?

    <p>Configured IP address and subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols is NOT a dynamic routing protocol supported by Cisco ISR routers?

    <p>BGP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols require manual updates when the network topology changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to configure a default static route on a Cisco router?

    <p>ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip}</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols perform _____ and maintain routing tables.

    <p>network discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following dynamic routing protocols with their characteristics:

    <p>EIGRP = Uses a distance vector protocol with a metric based on bandwidth and delay OSPF = Uses a link-state protocol and is based on a cost metric RIP = Employs hop count as its metric for determining the best route IS-IS = Transmits link-state information for network routing choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a router is responsible for processing instructions?

    <p>Central Processing Unit (CPU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers cannot connect to multiple networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What version of the operating system do routers typically use?

    <p>Cisco IOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers use __________ to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.

    <p>static routes and dynamic routing protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their function:

    <p>CPU = Processes instructions RAM = Temporary storage ROM = Permanent storage Flash = Upgradable storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router?

    <p>To route traffic between different networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers only use dynamic routing protocols to build their routing tables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information must devices be configured with to enable network access through a router?

    <p>IP address and subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynamic routing protocol uses the metric of cumulative bandwidth from source to destination?

    <p>Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equal cost load balancing can improve network performance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Administrative Distance (AD) of a directly connected route?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A routing table is stored in __________.

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing protocols with their metrics:

    <p>RIP = Hop count OSPF = Cumulative bandwidth EIGRP = Bandwidth and delay Static route = Administrative distance of 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to display the contents of the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RIP supports equal cost load balancing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be lower for a routing path to be preferred in the table?

    <p>Administrative Distance (AD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command provides a brief overview of the status of all interfaces?

    <p>show ip interfaces brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A routing protocol selects the best path based on the lowest metric to reach a network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a router?

    <p>To route packets between different networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A packet must be __________ to reach its destination through multiple networks.

    <p>routed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing protocols with their respective metrics:

    <p>RIP = Hop count OSPF = Bandwidth EIGRP = Composite metric BGP = Path vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to check the detailed information of an interface?

    <p>show interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The show running-config command is used to verify the routing table directly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet routing, what is the term used for the next device a packet is forwarded to?

    <p>Next hop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a default gateway?

    <p>To route packets when the destination is not on the same subnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is necessary to activate router interfaces by default.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key task that should be performed when configuring a Cisco router?

    <p>Name the device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A router interface must be configured with an address and __________ to be available.

    <p>subnet mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tasks with their descriptions:

    <p>Secure management access = Encrypts passwords to the highest level Configure a banner = Provides legal notification of unauthorized access Save the Configuration = Preserves settings across reboots Enable IP on a Switch = Assigns a management IP address to the switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in network documentation?

    <p>Manufacturer details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A description can be included when configuring a router interface.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to activate a router interface?

    <p>no shutdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Router Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers that connect multiple networks
    • Routers have multiple interfaces, each on a different IP network

    Components of a Router

    • Routers contain essential components for operation
      • Central processing unit (CPU)
      • Operating System (OS), typically Cisco iOS
      • Memory & storage (RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, hard drive)

    Routing Tables:

    • Routers use routing tables to find the best path to send packets
    • Routers learn about remote networks through static routes, and dynamic routing protocols
    • Routers encapsulate the packet and forward it to the interface indicated in the routing table

    Default Gateway:

    • To access other networks, devices must be configured with an IP address, a subnet mask, and a default gateway
    • The default gateway identifies the router a packet is sent to when the destination is not on the same local network subnet

    Basic Router Settings

    • Router configuration should include
      • Naming the device for identification
      • Securing management access (Privileged EXEC, User EXEC, Telnet)
      • Configuring a banner for security notifications
      • Saving the configuration

    Router Interface Configuration:

    • A router interface must be configured with an address and subnet mask
    • The interface must be activated using the "no shutdown" command
    • A description can be added as an optional configuration

    Dynamic Routing:

    • Dynamic routing protocols allow routers to share information about network reachability and status.
    • Dynamic routing protocols include:
      • RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
      • OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
      • EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
      • IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)

    Path Determination:

    • Router chooses the best path based on administrative distance (AD) and load balancing
    • Administrative Distance prioritizes static routes over dynamic routes for better reliability
    • Load Balancing occurs when multiple paths to the same destination have equal cost metrics
    • RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP support load balancing

    Understanding the Routing Table:

    • The show ip route command displays the routing table
    • The routing table contains information about:
      • Directly connected routes
      • Remote routes
      • Network or next hop associations
    • Routing table entries can be added through:
      • Local route interfaces
      • Directly connected interfaces
      • Static routes
      • Dynamic routing protocols

    Static Routes:

    • Static routes are manually configured
    • They define an explicit path between two devices
    • Static routes need to be manually updated if the topology changes
    • They offer better control and improved security
    • The ip route network mask {next-hop-ip | exit-intf} command configures a static route
    • The ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip} command configures a default static route

    Directly Connected Routes:

    • A new router with no configured interfaces has an empty routing table
    • A configured, active interface generates two routing table entries:
      • Link Local (L)
      • Directly Connected (C)

    Network Infrastructure Devices:

    • Network infrastructure devices (routers and switches) need IP addresses for remote management
    • On a switch, the management IP address is assigned on a virtual interface

    Router's Functions

    • Routers are specialized computers that use Cisco IOS operating system and have many important components like CPU, RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash, and hard drive.
    • Routers can connect multiple networks by having multiple interfaces each attached to different IP networks.
    • Routers use routing tables, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols to learn about remote networks and determine the best paths for sending packets.
    • Routers encapsulate packets and forward them to the interface indicated in the routing table.
    • Routing tables contain information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and network/next hop associations.

    Router Connections

    • Router interfaces need IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways to enable network access.
    • Network documentation should include device names, interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways in a topology diagram and addressing table.
    • Network infrastructure devices require IP addresses for remote management.

    Basic Router Settings

    • Configure basic settings on a router like naming it, securing management access, configuring a banner message and saving the configuration.
    • To be available, a router's interface needs to be configured with an address and subnet mask.
    • Router interfaces need to be activated using no shutdown command, and descriptions can also be included.

    Verifying Router Connectivity

    • Use show ip interfaces brief, show ip route, show running-config to verify interface operation and configuration.
    • Use show interfaces and show ip interfaces to obtain more detailed interface information.

    Packet Switching Function

    • When a router sends a packet it is sent to the next hop, which is the next destination in the path.
    • Routing decides the path for the packet based on the destination address and routing table.
    • After finding the correct path, the packet is sent to its final destination.

    Path Determination

    • Routing Decisions: Routers determine the best path based on routing protocols and metrics.
    • Metrics measure the distance to a network, and the best path is the one with the lowest metric.
    • Dynamic routing protocols use their own metrics like hop count (RIP), cost based on bandwidth (OSPF) and bandwidth, delay load, and reliability (EIGRP) to build and update routing tables.

    Load Balancing

    • Routers can use equal cost load balancing to improve network performance.
    • Equal cost load balancing can be configured using dynamic routing protocols or static routes.

    Administrative Distance

    • When multiple paths to a destination are configured on a router, the path with the lowest administrative distance (AD) is installed in the routing table.
    • A directly connected route is more reliable than a static route, which is more reliable than a dynamic route based on their AD.

    Routing Table Sources

    • The routing table is displayed using the show ip route command..
    • Local route interfaces are added to the routing table when an interface is configured.
    • A default static route can be configured using the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {exit-intf | next-hop-ip} command.

    Statically Learned Routes

    • Statically learned routes are configured manually by administrators and can be used to provide backup paths or to control traffic flow.
    • Static routes are less adaptive than dynamic routes, and should be used carefully.

    Dynamic Routing

    • Dynamic routing used to share information about the reachability and status of remote networks.
    • It performs network discovery and automatically updates routing tables.

    Routing Protocols

    • Cisco ISR routers support a variety of IPv4 routing protocols such as: EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System) and RIP (Routing Information Protocol).

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    Description

    Explore the essential functions and components of routers in computer networking. This quiz covers topics such as routing tables, default gateways, and basic router settings, providing a comprehensive understanding of how routers operate within networks.

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