Nervous Tissue and Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of sensory neurons?

Originating in CNS and conducting impulses to muscles

Conducting impulses to effector organs

Receiving stimuli from the environment and conducting them to CNS (correct)

Connecting sensory with motor neurons

What is the name of the structure where the axon begins?

Axolemma

Dendrite

Axon terminal

Axon hillock (correct)

What is the function of motor neurons?

Originating in sensory ganglia

Conducting impulses from CNS to effector organs (correct)

Receiving stimuli from the environment

Connecting sensory with motor neurons

What is the name of the type of neuron that has a common stem that divides into two branches?

Pseudounipolar Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of associated neurons?

Connecting sensory with motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that surrounds the axon?

Axolemma Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of neurons in the nervous system?

10 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of neuron found in the retina and olfactory cells of olfactory epithelium?

Bipolar Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of neuron that contains more than two processes?

Multipolar Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neuroglial cells?

To support and protect neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue?

Neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites?

To receive impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of the neuron that contains a single central active nucleus?

Soma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the end of the axon?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cytoplasm of the soma?

It is basophilic Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the soma that is absent in centrioles?

Centrioles Signup and view all the answers

What forms the myelin sheaths in the PNS?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of conduction does myelin sheath increase in nerve fibers?

Saltatory conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CT coat in nerve fibers?

To surround and protect the nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuroglial cells are found in the PNS?

Schwann cells and satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are found in sympathetic ganglia?

Multipolar neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory ganglia?

To receive peripheral afferent impulses Signup and view all the answers

What supports the nerve fibers in ganglia?

Connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of glial cells are found in the CNS?

Astrocytes, Oligodendroglia, Microglia, and Ependymal cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous Tissue Overview

The nervous system is divided anatomically into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The PNS consists of cranial, spinal nerves, and ganglia.

Neurons

Neurons are the main cells of the nervous tissue and are stellate-shaped with long processes.
A neuron has three parts: dendrites, soma (cell body), and axon.
Dendrites receive impulses and have the same structure as the soma.
The soma contains a central nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, and neurofilaments, but no centrioles.
The axon transmits nerve impulses and is surrounded by axolemma, containing neurofilaments and mitochondria.

Classification of Neurons

Pseudounipolar neurons have a common stem that divides into two branches, found in sensory ganglia.
Bipolar neurons have two processes, found in the retina and olfactory cells of olfactory epithelium.
Multipolar neurons have more than two processes and are the most common type, including motor neurons.

Classification by Shape

Pyramidal neurons are found in the cerebral cortex.
Pyriform neurons are found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.
Stellate neurons are found in the spinal cord and autonomic ganglia.

Classification by Function

Sensory neurons receive stimuli from the environment and conduct them to the CNS.
Motor neurons originate in the CNS and conduct impulses to effecter organs like muscles and glands.
Associated neurons (interneurons) connect sensory and motor neurons.

Nerve Fibers

Nerve fibers are made up of axons of neurons.
Most axons are enveloped by myelin sheaths formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS.
Myelin sheath increases nerve impulse conduction through salutatory conduction.

Connective Tissue Coats

Epineurium is a connective tissue that surrounds the nerve trunk.
Perineurium is a connective tissue that surrounds nerve bundles.
Endoneurium is a connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers.

Neuroglial Cells

Neuroglial cells support and protect neurons.
PNS neuroglial cells include Schwann cells and satellite cells.
CNS neuroglial cells include astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia, and ependymal cells.

Ganglia

Ganglia are ovoid structures containing neuronal cell bodies and glial cells supported by connective tissue.
Sensory (spinal) ganglia receive peripheral afferent impulses that go to the CNS and have pseudounipolar neurons.
Autonomic ganglia receive efferent impulses to effecter organs and have multipolar neurons.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of nervous tissue, including its anatomy and the different components of the nervous system.