Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Nervous System?
What does Sensory Input refer to?
Receptors monitor changes and send information to the integrating center.
What is meant by Integration in the Nervous System?
Processing and interpreting sensory input and making decisions.
Define Motor Output.
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What comprises the Central Nervous System?
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What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
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What does the term Sensory Afferent refer to?
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What does Motor Efferent do?
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Which body regions fall under the Somatic Body Region?
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What does the Visceral Body Region consist of?
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What is the function of Visceral Sensory?
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Define Visceral Motor.
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What is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for?
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What do General Somatic Senses include?
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What are Somatic Proprioceptive Senses responsible for?
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Which of the following is NOT a Somatic Special Sense?
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What do Somatic Motor signals control?
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Define Nervous Tissue.
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What is the main function of Neurons?
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What are Support Cells?
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What characterizes a Nerve Cell?
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Fetal neurons retain their ability to undergo mitosis.
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What is the Neuron Metabolic Rate?
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What are Ganglia?
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What is a Soma in the context of a neuron?
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What are Chromatophilic Bodies?
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What are Neurofibrils?
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What is the function of Dendrites?
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What do Axons do?
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What are Axon Collaterals?
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What are Telodendria?
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What are Axon Terminals also known as?
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What is a Nerve Impulse?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Overview
- Master control and communication system with three primary functions: Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output.
Functions of the Nervous System
- Sensory Input: Receptors detect changes inside and outside the body, relaying information to the integrating center.
- Integration: Processing and interpreting sensory information to make decisions.
- Motor Output: Initiating responses by activating effector organs, such as muscles and glands.
Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprised of the brain and spinal cord; serves as the command center for processing information.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord, linking all body regions to the CNS.
Sensory and Motor Pathways
- Sensory Afferent: Nerve fibers that carry signals from sensor receptors to the CNS.
- Motor Efferent: Nerve fibers that transmit signals away from the CNS to muscles and glands.
Body Regions
- Somatic Body Region: Comprises skin, skeletal muscle, and bones.
- Visceral Body Region: Includes internal organs such as the digestive system, lungs, heart, and bladder.
Sensory Information
- Visceral Sensory: General senses like stretch, pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger; special senses include taste.
- General Somatic Senses: Cover touch, pain, pressure, and temperature, with receptors widely distributed.
- Somatic Proprioceptive Senses: Detect stretch in tendons and muscles, providing information about body position and movement.
Nervous System Subdivisions
- Visceral Motor: Regulates smooth and cardiac muscle contraction as well as glandular secretion; constitutes the autonomic nervous system.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Manages involuntary functions of visceral organs.
Neurons and Support Cells
- Nervous Tissue: Composed of dense networks of cells, primarily neurons and neuroglial (support) cells.
- Neurons: Specialized cells that transmit electrical signals, characterized by their longevity, inability to divide, and high metabolic demand.
- Support Cells: Non-excitable neuroglial cells that surround and support neurons.
Neuron Structure
- Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and typical organelles; mostly located in the CNS for protection.
- Chromatophilic Bodies: Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes involved in membrane renewal.
- Neurofibrils: Intermediate filament bundles forming a network that supports the neuron structure.
- Dendrites: Branching extensions that transmit electrical signals towards the soma, acting as receptive sites.
- Axons: Singular long extensions that carry impulses away from the soma, lacking protein synthesis capabilities.
Axon and Impulse Transmission
- Axon Collaterals: Infrequently branching processes that extend from the length of the axon.
- Telodendria: Numerous branching at the axon's end.
- Axon Terminals: Knob-like endings, also referred to as end bulbs or boutons, essential for neurotransmitter release during nerve impulses.
- Nerve Impulse (Action Potential): Generated at the axon's initial segment and propagated along the axon, culminating in neurotransmitter release at terminals.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of the Nervous System with these flashcards from Chapter 12. This resource covers essential terms and definitions, including the functions of sensory input, integration, and motor output. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of the anatomy and functions of the nervous system.