Anatomy: Ch. 12 Nervous System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Nervous System?

Muscle contraction

Blood circulation

Control and communication system (correct)

Digestive system regulation

What does Sensory Input refer to?

Receptors monitor changes and send information to the integrating center.

What is meant by Integration in the Nervous System?

Processing and interpreting sensory input and making decisions.

Define Motor Output.

Dictates a response by activating effector organs. Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the Central Nervous System?

Brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

Nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Sensory Afferent refer to?

Signals carried from sensory receptors to the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

What does Motor Efferent do?

Carries signals away from the CNS to muscles and glands. Signup and view all the answers

Which body regions fall under the Somatic Body Region?

Skin and skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does the Visceral Body Region consist of?

Heart and bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Visceral Sensory?

Detects general and special senses like pain, temperature, and taste. Signup and view all the answers

Define Visceral Motor.

Regulates contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles and gland secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Autonomic Nervous System responsible for?

Controls the function of visceral organs and is often called the involuntary nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What do General Somatic Senses include?

Touch, pain, pressure, and temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What are Somatic Proprioceptive Senses responsible for?

Detecting stretch in tendons and muscles, providing body position sense. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a Somatic Special Sense?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What do Somatic Motor signals control?

Contraction of skeletal muscle under voluntary control. Signup and view all the answers

Define Nervous Tissue.

Cells that are densely packed and intertwined, consisting of neurons and support cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Neurons?

Transmit electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

What are Support Cells?

Neuroglial cells that surround and support neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Nerve Cell?

Neurons are the basic structural unit specialized for conducting electrical impulses. Signup and view all the answers

Fetal neurons retain their ability to undergo mitosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the Neuron Metabolic Rate?

High, requiring abundant amounts of oxygen and glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What are Ganglia?

Clusters of cell bodies located outside the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Soma in the context of a neuron?

The cell body, containing organelles and structures essential for neuron function. Signup and view all the answers

What are Chromatophilic Bodies?

Clusters of Rough ER and free ribosomes that renew cell membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What are Neurofibrils?

Bundles of intermediate filaments forming a network in neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Dendrites?

Transmit electrical signals towards the cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What do Axons do?

Transmit impulses away from the soma. Signup and view all the answers

What are Axon Collaterals?

Branches off along the length of an axon. Signup and view all the answers

What are Telodendria?

Multiple branches at the end of an axon. Signup and view all the answers

What are Axon Terminals also known as?

End bulbs or boutons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Nerve Impulse?

Action potential generated along the axon. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

Master control and communication system with three primary functions: Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output.

Functions of the Nervous System

Sensory Input: Receptors detect changes inside and outside the body, relaying information to the integrating center.
Integration: Processing and interpreting sensory information to make decisions.
Motor Output: Initiating responses by activating effector organs, such as muscles and glands.

Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprised of the brain and spinal cord; serves as the command center for processing information.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord, linking all body regions to the CNS.

Sensory and Motor Pathways

Sensory Afferent: Nerve fibers that carry signals from sensor receptors to the CNS.
Motor Efferent: Nerve fibers that transmit signals away from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Body Regions

Somatic Body Region: Comprises skin, skeletal muscle, and bones.
Visceral Body Region: Includes internal organs such as the digestive system, lungs, heart, and bladder.

Sensory Information

Visceral Sensory: General senses like stretch, pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger; special senses include taste.
General Somatic Senses: Cover touch, pain, pressure, and temperature, with receptors widely distributed.
Somatic Proprioceptive Senses: Detect stretch in tendons and muscles, providing information about body position and movement.

Nervous System Subdivisions

Visceral Motor: Regulates smooth and cardiac muscle contraction as well as glandular secretion; constitutes the autonomic nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System: Manages involuntary functions of visceral organs.

Neurons and Support Cells

Nervous Tissue: Composed of dense networks of cells, primarily neurons and neuroglial (support) cells.
Neurons: Specialized cells that transmit electrical signals, characterized by their longevity, inability to divide, and high metabolic demand.
Support Cells: Non-excitable neuroglial cells that surround and support neurons.

Neuron Structure

Soma (Cell Body): Contains the nucleus and typical organelles; mostly located in the CNS for protection.
Chromatophilic Bodies: Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes involved in membrane renewal.
Neurofibrils: Intermediate filament bundles forming a network that supports the neuron structure.
Dendrites: Branching extensions that transmit electrical signals towards the soma, acting as receptive sites.
Axons: Singular long extensions that carry impulses away from the soma, lacking protein synthesis capabilities.

Axon and Impulse Transmission

Axon Collaterals: Infrequently branching processes that extend from the length of the axon.
Telodendria: Numerous branching at the axon's end.
Axon Terminals: Knob-like endings, also referred to as end bulbs or boutons, essential for neurotransmitter release during nerve impulses.
Nerve Impulse (Action Potential): Generated at the axon's initial segment and propagated along the axon, culminating in neurotransmitter release at terminals.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of the Nervous System with these flashcards from Chapter 12. This resource covers essential terms and definitions, including the functions of sensory input, integration, and motor output. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of the anatomy and functions of the nervous system.