Anatomy of the Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

  • Nerve cell body
  • Neuron (correct)
  • Dendrite
  • Synapse

    • What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Regulation of voluntary movements
  • Regulation of involuntary movements
  • Regulation of heart rate and blood pressure (correct)
  • Regulation of conscious thought

    • What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Regulation of opposing actions on organs (correct)
  • Regulation of voluntary movements
  • Regulation of conscious thought
  • Regulation of involuntary movements

    • What is the main function of Voltage-gated potassium channels in the nervous system?

    <p>To generate and propagate electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons are associated with P/Q-type channels?

    <p>Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cranial nerves connect to the CNS?

    <p>Through variable connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmission of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels?

    <p>To allow ions to pass through the membrane in response to a ligand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the structure of ligand-gated ion channels?

    <p>They have two domains: transmembrane and extracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nerve cells besides conducting impulses?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the synapse?

    <p>To facilitate communication between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of synapses between different types of excitable cells?

    <p>They have varying structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the synaptic terminal?

    <p>To release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the junctional folds in the sarcolemma?

    <p>To create a large surface area for neurotransmitter binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the motor end plate?

    <p>The passage of Na+ into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acetylcholine (ACh) in muscle contraction?

    <p>To bind to receptors in the motor end plate and induce muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the motor neuron in muscle contraction?

    <p>To conduct signals from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the synaptic cleft?

    <p>To allow the diffusion of neurotransmitters between the synaptic terminal and the motor-end plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting histidine to histamine?

    <p>Histamine decarboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is histamine stored in mast cells and basophiles?

    <p>In granules, associated with heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of H2 blockers?

    <p>To block acid secretion from parietal cells of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter within the brain?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of motor neurons that may contribute to their involvement in ALS disease?

    <p>Extreme size of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is histamine rapidly inactivated?

    <p>By diamine oxidase (histaminase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a proposed pathogenic mechanism in ALS?

    <p>Neuroinflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glutamate in ALS?

    <p>It is a chemical messenger that can be toxic to nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting glutamate to GABA?

    <p>Glutamate decarboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ALS pathology?

    <p>Loss of cortical pyramidal motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible trigger of ALS, according to some scientists?

    <p>Autoimmune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which glutamate can cause damage to nerve cells?

    <p>Excitotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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