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What is the function of the nervous system?
What is the function of the nervous system?
The nervous system is responsible for the control of all activities in the body.
Which of the following are divisions of the nervous system?
Which of the following are divisions of the nervous system?
What are the two main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?
What are the two main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary control.
The peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary control.
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The autonomic nervous system is responsible for conscious control.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for conscious control.
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Match the following parts of the brain with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the brain with their descriptions:
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What is the function of the corpus callosum?
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
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The cerebellum is formed of two cerebellar hemispheres connected by the vermis.
The cerebellum is formed of two cerebellar hemispheres connected by the vermis.
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What are the three main parts of the brain stem?
What are the three main parts of the brain stem?
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Where does the spinal cord begin?
Where does the spinal cord begin?
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What is the approximate length of the spinal cord?
What is the approximate length of the spinal cord?
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How many segments make up the spinal cord?
How many segments make up the spinal cord?
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What is the significance of the cervical enlargement?
What is the significance of the cervical enlargement?
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What is the significance of the lumbosacral enlargement?
What is the significance of the lumbosacral enlargement?
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What is the foramen magnum?
What is the foramen magnum?
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How is the spinal cord protected?
How is the spinal cord protected?
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What are the three layers of the meninges?
What are the three layers of the meninges?
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What is the subdural space?
What is the subdural space?
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What is the subarachnoid space?
What is the subarachnoid space?
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The subarachnoid space is the widest space in the brain.
The subarachnoid space is the widest space in the brain.
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What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
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What are the main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
What are the main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
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What are the three components of the peripheral nervous system?
What are the three components of the peripheral nervous system?
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
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What are the four classifications of cranial nerves based on their function?
What are the four classifications of cranial nerves based on their function?
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Spinal nerves are responsible for voluntary movements.
Spinal nerves are responsible for voluntary movements.
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What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
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What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
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What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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The sympathetic nervous system is associated with the thoracolumbar outflow.
The sympathetic nervous system is associated with the thoracolumbar outflow.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with the craniosacral outflow.
The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with the craniosacral outflow.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy - Nervous System
- The nervous system controls all body activities.
- It's composed of highly specialized nerve cells (neurons).
- Neurons receive stimuli and send impulses to effectors (muscles or glands).
- The nervous system is divided into three main parts:
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
CNS (Central Nervous System)
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord.
- Encased in bone (skull and vertebral column).
- Protected further by meninges (protective membranes) and cerebrospinal fluid.
- The brain is further divided into:
- Cerebrum: Two cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum; each has a lateral ventricle.
- Cerebellum: Two cerebellar hemispheres connected by the vermis.
- Brainstem: Composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
- The spinal cord begins as a continuation of the medulla oblongata at the base of the skull.
- Ends in the adult at the lower border of L1 vertebra; in newborns, at L3.
- Located in the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal.
- Length is 45 cm in males and 42 cm in females.
- Divided into 31 segments that give rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
- Cervical and lumbosacral enlargements originate brachial and lumbosacral plexuses respectively.
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
- Composed of:
- Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
- Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
- Ganglia
Cranial Nerves
- 12 pairs connected to the brain.
- Classified into four types:
- Sensory nerves: carry somatic sensory information (touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, pain).
- Special sensory nerves: carry smell, sight, hearing, and balance sensations.
- Motor nerves: axons of somatic motor neurons.
- Mixed nerves: combination of motor and sensory fibers.
- Specific examples of cranial nerves include: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal.
Spinal Nerves
- 31 pairs originating from the spinal cord.
- Specific examples of the segments are Cervical (C), Thoracic (T), Lumbar (L), Sacral (S), and Coccygeal (Co).
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
- Part of the nervous system that controls involuntary structures (heart, smooth muscles, and glands)
- Distributed through the CNS and PNS.
- Divided into two parts:
- Sympathetic system (thoracolumbar outflow): prepares the body for emergencies (increases heart rate, raises blood pressure, inhibits peristalsis and closes sphincters).
- Parasympathetic system (craniosacral outflow): restores energy (decreases heart rate, increases peristalsis, and opens sphincters).
Protection of CNS
- The brain and spinal cord are protected by the skull and vertebral column, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Meninges
- Three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
- Layers (from outer to inner): dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.
- Dura and arachnoid are separated by subdural space; arachnoid and pia by subarachnoid space (contains cerebrospinal fluid).
Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Fluid filling ventricles and subarachnoid space.
- Volume approximately 130 ml.
- Functions: Reduces brain weight, drains waste products, protects the CNS, and regulates intracranial pressure.
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Description
This quiz explores the components and functions of the nervous system, covering essential elements such as the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems. Understand the structure of the brain and spinal cord and their protective mechanisms. Test your knowledge about the specialized nerve cells that facilitate communication within the body.
