Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

  • To process sensory information from the environment
  • To coordinate voluntary movements
  • To protect the brain from external damage
  • To establish communication between the brain and the body (correct)

    • Which component is NOT part of the central nervous system?

  • Brainstem
  • Spinal cord
  • Vertebrae (correct)
  • Cerebellum

    • What does the term 'synapse' refer to?

  • A type of neurotransmitter
  • The gap between two neurons for information transfer (correct)
  • The cell body of a neuron
  • The protective layer around an axon

    • Which structure is responsible for sending information away from the neuron?

    <p>Axon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is mainly composed of neural tissue outside the central nervous system?

    <p>Peripheral nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about neurons is true?

    <p>Schwann cells protect and insulate the axon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurotransmitters?

    <p>To relay chemical signals between neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the central nervous system is false?

    <p>It directly connects to sense organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Control balance, movement, and coordination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain controls the functions necessary for survival?

    <p>Brain stem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sensory nerves play in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit information from the outside world to the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do axons of neurons primarily do?

    <p>Conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the synapse?

    <p>A small gap where communication between neurons occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

    <p>To speed up the transmission of messages through the axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurotransmitters are released from which part of the neuron?

    <p>Synaptic terminal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft?

    <p>An electrical impulse traveling through the axon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What's the CNS?

    The central nervous system (CNS) controls and processes information from the body. It's like the control center of the body, receiving and sending commands.

    What's the PNS?

    The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body. It's like the network of cables that carry signals throughout the body.

    What's the brain's role?

    The brain is the main control center of the nervous system, responsible for thought, emotion, and movement.

    What's the spinal cord's role?

    The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the body and helps relay signals.

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    What's a neuron?

    The neuron is the basic building block of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information.

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    What's a synapse?

    A synapse is the tiny space between two neurons where signals are transmitted. It's like a bridge connecting two nerve cells.

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    What are neurotransmitters?

    Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the synapse to help transmit information.

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    What's the cerebrum's role?

    The cerebrum controls higher level functions, like thinking, planning, and language.

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    Cerebrum

    The largest part of the brain responsible for thinking, learning, memory, and voluntary movement.

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    Cerebellum

    The part of the brain that controls balance, movement, and coordination.

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    Brain stem

    The part of the brain that connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord. It controls essential functions like breathing, digestion, and circulation.

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    Spinal cord

    A long bundle of nerves inside the spinal column, responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

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    Vertebrae

    The backbone of the body that protects the spinal cord.

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    Sensory nerves

    Nerves that carry signals from the senses (like touch, sight, smell) to the brain.

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    Motor nerves

    Nerves that carry signals from the brain to the muscles, causing them to move.

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    Neurons

    Specialized cells that transmit information through the nervous system.

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    Study Notes

    Nervous System Structure

    • The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
    • The cerebrum (pink) is the largest part of the brain
    • The cerebellum (blue) is located below the cerebrum; coordinates movement and balance.
    • The brain stem (yellow) connects the brain to the spinal cord
    • The spinal cord (orange) is the main communication pathway
    • Nerves (green) transmit signals throughout the body

    Neuron Structure and Function

    • Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system.
    • Neuron parts include:
      • Cell body: Contains the nucleus
      • Dendrites: Receive signals
      • Axon: Transmits signals
      • Myelin sheath: Insulates the axon
      • Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath
      • Schwann cells: Produce myelin
      • Axon terminal: Releases neurotransmitters
    • Axon terminals release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons or target cells.

    Nervous System Components and Functions

    • Skull: Protects the brain, bony cavity
    • Vertebrae: Segments of the spinal column, protecting the spinal cord
    • Neuron: Basic units of nervous tissue
    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves outside the CNS
    • Dendrite: Extension of a neuron that receives signals
    • Axon: Extension of a neuron that transmits signals
    • Brain: Controls many body functions
    • Spinal cord: Connects the brain to the body, transmits signals
    • Synapse: Gap between neurons, where communication occurs
    • Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.
    • Sensory nerves: Carry signals from senses to the brain
    • Motor nerves: Carry signals from the brain to muscles
    • Sensory receptors: Detect stimuli from the environment such as touch, pressure, temperature, light etc...

    True or False Statements

    • The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and cranial nerves. (True)
    • The brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem (True)
    • All synaptic transmission is electrical. (False)
    • Dendrites conduct impulses away from the cell body. (False) They conduct impulses towards the cell body

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    Description

    Explore the structure and function of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and neurons. This quiz covers basic components like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and neuron structure, along with their roles in communication and coordination. Test your knowledge on the vital parts that make up this complex system.

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