Neuroscience Chapter: Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  • Spinal cord
  • Cranial nerves (correct)
  • Brain
  • Peripheral nerves

    • What is the name of the ectodermal structure that forms the nervous system?

    Neural plate

    The process of neural tube formation is called neurulation.

    True

    What structure is formed by the folding of the neural plate?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of the cells derived from the neural crest?

    <p>Formation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rostral refers to the direction towards the tail or back.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ matter of the brain contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites.

    <p>gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of white matter?

    <p>Myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when the neural tube fails to close at the caudal end?

    <p>Spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anencephaly is a condition that occurs when the rostral end of the neural tube fails to close.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid that circulates in the brain's ventricular system?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a function of the dural sinuses?

    <p>Carry blood away from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a blood-brain barrier provides protection for the brain by regulating the movement of substances into the brain tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest brain division responsible for higher cognitive functions?

    <p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the cerebrum called?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain serves as a relay center for sensory information?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain regulates autonomic functions and homeostasis?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glial cells support neurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glial cells line the ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choroid plexus is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of the neural tube completely closing is called ________ .

    <p>neural tube closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dorsal root ganglia?

    <p>Clusters of sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schwann cells are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of satellite cells in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Support neurons in peripheral nervous system ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these brain structures is primarily involved in regulating emotional responses and behaviors?

    <p>Limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Circadian rhythms are biological processes that follow a 24-hour cycle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gland produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain coordinates smooth movements and balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem divisions by structures called ________ .

    <p>cerebellar peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dura mater forms the outer protective layer of the brain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Regulating substance movement into brain tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ventricular system consists of interconnected cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hydrocephalus?

    <p>Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid causing brain pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is used to sample cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the narrow channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles?

    <p>Cerebral aqueduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the subarachnoid space located?

    <p>Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arachnoid granulations allow for the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain region contains respiratory centers that control breathing patterns?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the Cardiovascular Center in the brainstem?

    <p>Body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Digestive Center in the brainstem coordinates digestive activities with other body functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is carried by descending tracts?

    <p>Motor information from the cerebrum to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of information do ascending tracts carry?

    <p>Sensory information from the body to the cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ is a dural partition that separates the cerebral hemispheres.

    <p>Falx cerebri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tentorium cerebelli is a dural partition between the cerebellum and the cerebrum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • PNS comprises nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

    Neural Plate

    • Ectodermal structure that develops into the nervous system.

    Neural Tube

    • Formed by the folding of the neural plate.

    Neural Crest

    • Cells forming parts of the PNS and other structures.

    Neurulation

    • The process of neural tube formation.

    Rostral

    • Direction towards the head or front.

    Caudal

    • Direction towards the tail or back.

    Gray Matter

    • Composed of neuron cell bodies and dendrites.

    White Matter

    • Made up of myelinated axons.

    Spina Bifida

    • Neural tube defect at the caudal end.

    Anencephaly

    • Fatal neural tube defect arising from failure of rostral closure.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • Fluid circulating in brain ventricles.

    Dural Sinuses

    • Venous channels between dural layers.

    Blood-Brain Barrier

    • Controls what enters the brain.

    Cerebrum

    • Largest brain division with higher functions.

    Cerebral Cortex

    • Outer layer of the cerebrum.

    Thalamus

    • Relay center for sensory information.

    Hypothalamus

    • Regulates homeostasis and autonomic functions.

    Astrocytes

    • Supporting glial cells in the CNS.

    Oligodendrocytes

    • Myelinate axons in the CNS.

    Ependymal Cells

    • Line ventricles and produce CSF.

    Choroid Plexus

    • Structures that produce CSF.

    Neural Tube Closure

    • Completion of neural tube formation.

    Dorsal Root Ganglia

    • Clusters of sensory neurons in the PNS.

    Schwann Cells

    • Myelinate axons in the PNS.

    Satellite Cells

    • Support neurons in PNS ganglia.

    Limbic System

    • Regulates emotions and behaviors.

    Circadian Rhythms

    • Biological processes with a 24-hour cycle.

    Pineal Gland

    • Produces melatonin influencing sleep.

    Cerebellum

    • Coordinates movements.

    Cerebellar Peduncles

    • Connect cerebellum to the brainstem.

    Dura Mater

    • Outer protective layer of the brain.

    Ventricular System

    • Cavities filled with CSF in the brain.

    Hydrocephalus

    • Increased CSF, causing brain pressure.

    Spinal Tap

    • Procedure to obtain CSF.

    Cerebral Aqueduct

    • Channel connecting third and fourth ventricles.

    Subarachnoid Space

    • Space containing CSF below the arachnoid membrane.

    Arachnoid Granulations

    • Structures absorbing CSF into blood.

    Respiratory Centers

    • Control respiratory processes in the brainstem.

    Cardiovascular Center

    • Regulates heart and blood pressure.

    Digestive Center

    • Coordinates digestive activities.

    Cranial Nerves

    • 12 pairs attaching to the brainstem.

    Descending Tracts

    • Carry motor information to the body.

    Ascending Tracts

    • Carry sensory information to the brain.

    Falx Cerebri

    • Dural partition separating the cerebral hemispheres.

    Tentorium Cerebelli

    • Dural partition between the cerebellum and cerebrum.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the central and peripheral nervous systems with this quiz. Delve into the processes of neurulation and the intricate structures such as the neural tube and neural crest. Explore various nervous system defects and components, including gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid.

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