Nervous System Overview and Divisions
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Nervous System Overview and Divisions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of dendrites in neurons?

  • To generate neurotransmitters
  • To receive information from other neurons (correct)
  • To transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body
  • To protect the axon from damage

    • Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body?

  • Cell body
  • Synaptic end bulb
  • Dendrites
  • Axon (correct)

    • What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?

  • They insulate axons to facilitate signal transmission (correct)
  • They produce neurotransmitters
  • They regenerate damaged nerve fibers
  • They form synapses between neurons

    • Nodes of Ranvier are important in neuron function because they:

    <p>Increase the speed of signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cell body of a neuron typically found?

    <p>In the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the cell body of a neuron?

    <p>Contains a well-developed nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't neuron cell bodies regenerate indefinitely?

    <p>They do not contain mitotic apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about neurons is NOT true?

    <p>All neurons have the same structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the nervous tissue are responsible for the transmission of impulses?

    <p>Neurones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sensory division of the Peripheral Nervous System?

    <p>To carry signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>It regulates the body's fight or flight response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?

    <p>Insulating axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typical of nervous tissue?

    <p>Presence of muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the nervous system in relation to homeostasis?

    <p>It provides immediate responses to changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is classified under neuroglial cells?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neuroglial cells?

    <p>Provide support for neurones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes oligodendrocytes from astrocytes?

    <p>Formation of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microglia respond during inflammation?

    <p>They become phagocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances crosses the blood-brain barrier easily?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the irritability of neurones?

    <p>It enables responses to internal and external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the blood-brain barrier play in the central nervous system?

    <p>It protects the brain from toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is associated with inflammation and debris clearance?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the myelin sheath play in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>It provides insulation to axons for faster impulse transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>Gaps in the myelin sheath that assist in impulse transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of dendrites?

    <p>To receive information from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of axons differ from that of dendrites?

    <p>Axons can be longer and conduct impulses away from the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the myelin sheath?

    <p>It has a high phospholipid content, providing electrical insulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?

    <p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of Schwann cells?

    <p>They form the myelin sheath around peripheral axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'collaterals' refer to in the context of axons?

    <p>Branches that extend from the main axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Overview

    • The Nervous System detects and responds to changes within and outside the body.
    • Works alongside the endocrine system to control vital body functions and maintain homeostasis.

    Nervous System Divisions

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes brain and spinal cord.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves outside of the CNS, split into two divisions:
      • Sensory Division: Carries signals to the brain.
      • Motor Division: Carries signals away from the CNS:
        • Somatic Nervous System: Voluntary control (e.g., muscle movement).
        • Autonomic Nervous System: Involuntary control (e.g., heart rate, digestion).
          • Sympathetic Nervous System: "Fight or flight" response.
          • Parasympathetic Nervous System: "Rest and digest" response.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Consists of three cell types:
      • Neurons: Nerve cells responsible for transmitting information.
      • Schwann Cells: Primarily provide myelin insulation to axons in the peripheral nervous system.
      • Neuroglial/Glial Cells: Support network for neurons in the central nervous system.

    Neurons

    • Specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses.
    • Consist of three main parts:
      • Cell body: Contains the nucleus and other organelles.
      • Axon: Long, slender projection that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body; can extend over 1 meter in length.
      • Dendrites: Branching extensions that receive information from other neurons.

    Myelin Sheath

    • A fatty, insulating layer that surrounds axons, primarily formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
    • Increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission by allowing impulses to jump between gaps in the myelin sheath, known as Nodes of Ranvier.

    Neuroglial Cells

    • Support, nourish, and protect neurons.
    • Three main types:
      • Microglia: Found near blood vessels, become phagocytic (engulfing debris and pathogens) during inflammation and cell destruction.
      • Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells that provide structural support in the CNS; form the blood-brain barrier.
      • Oligodendrocytes: Smaller cells that produce myelin in the CNS, comparable to Schwann cells in the PNS.

    Blood-Brain Barrier

    • A selective barrier formed by astrocytes, acting as a protective layer around blood vessels in the brain.
    • Prevents potentially harmful substances from the blood entering the brain.
    • Allows passage of essential substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and lipid-soluble molecules (e.g., alcohol).

    Properties of Neurons

    • Irritability: Ability to respond to stimuli and generate nerve impulses.
    • Conductivity: Ability to transmit nerve impulses.

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    Nervous System Anatomy & Physiology PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate structure of the Nervous System, including the Central and Peripheral divisions. Understand the roles of sensory and motor systems, and the voluntary and involuntary responses they control. This quiz covers key concepts critical to maintaining homeostasis.

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