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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of dendrites in neurons?
What is the primary function of dendrites in neurons?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body?
Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body?
What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?
What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?
Nodes of Ranvier are important in neuron function because they:
Nodes of Ranvier are important in neuron function because they:
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Where is the cell body of a neuron typically found?
Where is the cell body of a neuron typically found?
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What characteristic distinguishes the cell body of a neuron?
What characteristic distinguishes the cell body of a neuron?
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Why can't neuron cell bodies regenerate indefinitely?
Why can't neuron cell bodies regenerate indefinitely?
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Which of the following statements about neurons is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about neurons is NOT true?
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What are the primary divisions of the nervous system?
What are the primary divisions of the nervous system?
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Which type of cells in the nervous tissue are responsible for the transmission of impulses?
Which type of cells in the nervous tissue are responsible for the transmission of impulses?
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What is the function of the sensory division of the Peripheral Nervous System?
What is the function of the sensory division of the Peripheral Nervous System?
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Which of the following describes the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following describes the autonomic nervous system?
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What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?
What role do Schwann cells play in the nervous system?
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Which characteristic is NOT typical of nervous tissue?
Which characteristic is NOT typical of nervous tissue?
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What is a primary function of the nervous system in relation to homeostasis?
What is a primary function of the nervous system in relation to homeostasis?
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Which cell type is classified under neuroglial cells?
Which cell type is classified under neuroglial cells?
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What is the primary function of neuroglial cells?
What is the primary function of neuroglial cells?
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Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
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What characteristic distinguishes oligodendrocytes from astrocytes?
What characteristic distinguishes oligodendrocytes from astrocytes?
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How do microglia respond during inflammation?
How do microglia respond during inflammation?
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Which of the following substances crosses the blood-brain barrier easily?
Which of the following substances crosses the blood-brain barrier easily?
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Which of the following statements is true about the irritability of neurones?
Which of the following statements is true about the irritability of neurones?
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What role does the blood-brain barrier play in the central nervous system?
What role does the blood-brain barrier play in the central nervous system?
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Which type of glial cell is associated with inflammation and debris clearance?
Which type of glial cell is associated with inflammation and debris clearance?
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What role does the myelin sheath play in the peripheral nervous system?
What role does the myelin sheath play in the peripheral nervous system?
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What are the nodes of Ranvier?
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
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What is a primary function of dendrites?
What is a primary function of dendrites?
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How does the structure of axons differ from that of dendrites?
How does the structure of axons differ from that of dendrites?
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What is the composition of the myelin sheath?
What is the composition of the myelin sheath?
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Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?
Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?
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What is the main feature of Schwann cells?
What is the main feature of Schwann cells?
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What does the term 'collaterals' refer to in the context of axons?
What does the term 'collaterals' refer to in the context of axons?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Overview
- The Nervous System detects and responds to changes within and outside the body.
- Works alongside the endocrine system to control vital body functions and maintain homeostasis.
Nervous System Divisions
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes brain and spinal cord.
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves outside of the CNS, split into two divisions:
- Sensory Division: Carries signals to the brain.
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Motor Division: Carries signals away from the CNS:
- Somatic Nervous System: Voluntary control (e.g., muscle movement).
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Autonomic Nervous System: Involuntary control (e.g., heart rate, digestion).
- Sympathetic Nervous System: "Fight or flight" response.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System: "Rest and digest" response.
Nervous Tissue
- Consists of three cell types:
- Neurons: Nerve cells responsible for transmitting information.
- Schwann Cells: Primarily provide myelin insulation to axons in the peripheral nervous system.
- Neuroglial/Glial Cells: Support network for neurons in the central nervous system.
Neurons
- Specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses.
- Consist of three main parts:
- Cell body: Contains the nucleus and other organelles.
- Axon: Long, slender projection that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body; can extend over 1 meter in length.
- Dendrites: Branching extensions that receive information from other neurons.
Myelin Sheath
- A fatty, insulating layer that surrounds axons, primarily formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
- Increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission by allowing impulses to jump between gaps in the myelin sheath, known as Nodes of Ranvier.
Neuroglial Cells
- Support, nourish, and protect neurons.
- Three main types:
- Microglia: Found near blood vessels, become phagocytic (engulfing debris and pathogens) during inflammation and cell destruction.
- Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells that provide structural support in the CNS; form the blood-brain barrier.
- Oligodendrocytes: Smaller cells that produce myelin in the CNS, comparable to Schwann cells in the PNS.
Blood-Brain Barrier
- A selective barrier formed by astrocytes, acting as a protective layer around blood vessels in the brain.
- Prevents potentially harmful substances from the blood entering the brain.
- Allows passage of essential substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and lipid-soluble molecules (e.g., alcohol).
Properties of Neurons
- Irritability: Ability to respond to stimuli and generate nerve impulses.
- Conductivity: Ability to transmit nerve impulses.
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Description
Explore the intricate structure of the Nervous System, including the Central and Peripheral divisions. Understand the roles of sensory and motor systems, and the voluntary and involuntary responses they control. This quiz covers key concepts critical to maintaining homeostasis.
