Nervous System Hormone Action Mechanisms Quiz

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What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

Synthesis of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (correct)

Control of emotional expressions and sexual behavior

Regulation of growth hormone secretion

Regulation of food and water intake

How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of pituitary hormones?

Through direct action on target glands

By storing hormones in axon terminals

By releasing hormones into the blood (correct)

Through neural signals from the autonomic nervous system

What is the function of the growth hormone (GH) on the body?

Acts only on specific target glands

Directly affects all or almost all tissues of the body (correct)

Regulates body temperature

Controls food and water intake

Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone stored before release?

In axon terminals Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are present in the growth hormone (GH)?

191 amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system does the hypothalamus receive signals from?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of a hormone's action?

Binding to specific receptors at the target cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of priming up-regulation on target cells?

Increases the number of receptors for a certain hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is desensitization (down regulation) in relation to hormone action?

Causes a weaker response in the target cell Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for excreting peptide hormones and catecholamines into the urine?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fluctuating plasma concentrations of hormones?

To ensure proper hormone activity at the target tissue Signup and view all the answers

How do hormonal receptors typically behave in relation to specific hormones?

Each receptor is usually highly specific for a single hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hydrophilic and lipophilic hormones in terms of their elimination from circulation?

Hydrophilic hormones have a shorter half-life due to rapid elimination. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism can prevent overactivity of hormone systems by suppressing further release of the hormone?

Negative-feedback control Signup and view all the answers

What effect does negative feedback have on hormone secretion?

Prevents over secretion by inhibiting further release of the hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone is mainly bound to plasma proteins, leading to a slower clearance from plasma?

Lipophilic hormones Signup and view all the answers

What triggers surges of hormones according to the information provided?

Positive feedback actions of the hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which level can negative feedback occur at to prevent overactivity of hormone systems?

Gene transcription level Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor responsible for the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) before ovulation?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism leads to a sudden increase in hormone secretion due to a sensory stimulus like suckling?

Neuroendocrine reflexes Signup and view all the answers

Which variations in hormone release are mentioned in the text?

Seasonal, developmental, diurnal cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cAMP in the Adenylate Cyclase-cAMP System discussed in the text?

Activates protein kinase Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pituitary gland lie anatomically?

At the base of the brain in sella turcica Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone's excess secretion is most commonly caused by Graves' disease?

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Heat intolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the development of an edematous appearance throughout the body in severe cases?

Myxedema Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?

Promotes Na+ retention Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose uptake by many tissues?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major stimuli for increased cortisol secretion?

Stress Signup and view all the answers