chapter 42 quiz 5
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which iodinated contrast causes acute kidney injury (AKI)?

  • Increased oxidative stress
  • Intense renal vasodilation
  • Decreased glomerular filtration rate
  • Intense renal vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Which of the following pharmacologic interventions has been shown to reduce the incidence of contrast-associated AKI?

  • Fenoldopam
  • N-acetyl-cysteine
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • None of the above (correct)
  • Which of the following is a key, preventable risk factor for AKI?

  • Hypertension
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Diabetes
  • Volume depletion (correct)
  • Which of the following nephrotoxins is commonly encountered in the perioperative setting?

    <p>all correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to prevent AKI when using nephrotoxic medications?

    <p>Avoid combinations of nephrotoxins when possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a conventional indication for renal replacement therapy (dialysis)?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal timing for initiating dialysis in critically ill and postoperative patients with AKI?

    <p>Initiation for stage 2 AKI (doubling of sCr or decreased urine output)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key modifiable risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with contrast use?

    <p>Volume depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic combination has been linked to an increased rate of AKI?

    <p>vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nephrotoxin encountered in the perioperative setting other than aminoglycosides?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conventional indication for initiating renal replacement therapy (dialysis)?

    <p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering the optimal timing for dialysis initiation after cardiac surgery, what stage of AKI showed significant benefit from early initiation?

    <p><strong>Stage 2 AKI</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

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