24 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?
Blockage of voltage-gated Na+ channels
Which neurotoxin is obtained from a scorpion?
Maurotoxin
What is the effect of neurotoxins on the nervous system?
Disrupt normal nervous system functioning
What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?
Inhibits ACh release
What is the mechanism of action of tetrodotoxin?
Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels
What is the effect of organophosphates on the nervous system?
Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
What is the effect of a high blood K+ concentration on the resting membrane potential?
It becomes more positive
Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT classified as an amine?
Acetylcholine
What is the effect of hypokalaemia on the firing of action potentials?
The cell requires a larger-than-normal stimulus to fire
Which neurotransmitter is classified as a purine?
ATP
What is the effect of hyperkalaemia on neurons?
They become more excitable
Which of the following is NOT a major group of neurotransmitters?
Hormones
What happens to the entire neuron if the cell body of a neuron dies?
The entire neuron dies
During Wallerian degeneration, what do Schwann cells do?
They proliferate to form a solid cord
What guides the growing tip of an axon during regeneration?
Neurotrophic factors secreted by Schwann cells
What is the primary basis for learning and recovery in the brain?
Synaptic plasticity
What is the outcome of axonal regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Axonal regeneration is inhibited by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
Which of the following is a consequence of decreased synaptic plasticity?
Impaired recovery from brain injuries
What is the term for the proliferation of astrocytes that seal off and scar the damaged region?
Gliosis
What is the most vulnerable step in the neural signaling process?
Synaptic transmission
What is the difference between axonal regeneration in the PNS and CNS?
Axonal regeneration is inhibited in the CNS but not in the PNS
Why are synapses more accessible to drugs than intracellular receptors?
Because they are exposed to the extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is an example of a disorder caused by problems in synaptic transmission?
Parkinson's disease
What is the primary function of synaptic plasticity in terms of sensory input?
To increase existing synaptic efficiency
This quiz covers the effects of neurotoxins and local anaesthetics on the nervous system, as well as how changes in extracellular potassium concentration alter electrical activity in neurons.
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