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Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the potential consequence of progressive concentration of toxicants along the nephron?

Increased glomerular filtration rate

Decreased tubular obstruction

Renal calculus formation (correct)

Enhanced urine concentrating ability

How do activation reactions in the kidney contribute to nephrotoxicity susceptibility?

They decrease the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubule

They enhance glomerular filtration rate

They reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity

They activate toxic metabolites that can lead to kidney damage (correct)

Which of the following toxicants can be activated in both the liver and kidney?

Vitamin C

Magnesium oxide

Acetaminophen (correct)

Calcium carbonate

What role does ADH play in urine concentration?

It impairs urine concentrating ability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteinuria indicates glomerular damage?

Albuminuria Signup and view all the answers

What can chemically induced increases in urine volume accompanied by decreases in osmolality suggest?

Defect in ADH synthesis, release, and/or action Signup and view all the answers

How does Glucosuria reflect defects in renal function?

It represents failures in proximal tubular sugar reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might result from chemically induced changes causing increased urine volume and decreased osmolality?

Impaired urine concentration ability Signup and view all the answers

What could chemically induced changes in urinary composition possibly suggest?

Defective proximal tubular reabsorption mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

How does the accumulation and metabolism of xenobiotics contribute to kidney susceptibility to toxic injury?

It increases the risk of kidney damage from toxicants Signup and view all the answers