35 Questions
What is the range of osmotic pressure of the capillary?
35 to 40 mmHg
Where is the net filtration pressure highest in the glomerulus?
At the afferent arterioles
What is the approximate average net filtration pressure?
10 mmHg
What happens to the fluid as it moves through the glomerulus?
It becomes lessened and concentrated
What is the formula for GFR?
GFR = Kf x (PGC - PBS) - σ(πGC - πBS)
What is the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus at the afferent end?
17 mmHg
What is the direction of the net force in the glomerulus?
Into the Bowman's space
What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Decrease GFR
What is the unit of measurement for the clearance of substance X?
ml/min
Which of the following is a vasodilator that increases glomerular filtration rate?
Nitric oxide (NO)
Why do we need to wait for a 24-hour urine collection?
To measure the creatinine concentration in the urine
What is the effect of angiotensin II on renal blood flow (RBF)?
Decrease RBF
What is the effect of prostaglandins on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Increase GFR
What is creatinine clearance an estimate of?
Glomerular filtration
What happens to a substance that is not reabsorbed nor secreted in the kidney?
It is excreted in the urine
What is the principle behind the concept of clearance?
Any substance that is neither synthesized nor metabolized, the amount that enters the kidney is equal to the amount that leaves the kidney
What happens to the amount that enters the kidney according to the principle of clearance?
It is either thrown into the urine or returned to the circulation through the venous blood
Why is the creatinine clearance equation no longer used in clinical practice?
It requires 24 hours to get the results
What is the unit of measurement for the urine flow rate?
ml/min
What is the purpose of using the creatinine clearance equation in academic settings?
For academic purposes only
What is an example of a substance used for measuring renal function?
Creatinine
What is the main function of angiotensin II in terms of blood pressure regulation?
Constrict afferent arteriole to increase blood pressure
What is the result of increased oncotic pressure in the glomerulus?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
What is the effect of liver disease on glomerular oncotic pressure?
Decreases glomerular oncotic pressure
What is the result of increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
Increased glomerular filtration rate
What is the role of aldosterone in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
Increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule
What is the coefficient of infection in the glomerular filtration process?
1
What is the purpose of the five different equations for estimating GFR using serum creatinine?
To determine the most accurate method for estimating GFR
Why is the Cockroft-Gault equation no longer recommended?
The creatinine method used in its development is no longer in use
Which equation is currently recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO)?
CKD-EPI Equation-Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
In which patient group is the CKD-EPI equation superior to the MDRD Equation?
Patients with normal or mildly reduced estimated GFR
What is the advantage of the CKD-EPI equation compared to the MDRD Equation?
It is more accurate in patients with normal or mildly reduced GFR
How many different equations are used to estimate GFR using serum creatinine?
5
What is the limitation of the Cockroft-Gault equation?
The samples from the study are not available to evaluate how the results might compare to standardized creatinine values
This quiz covers the concept of net filtration pressure in the nephron, its variation throughout the glomerulus, and the resulting concentration of non-filterable components. Understand the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and filtration pressure.
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