Neoliberalism and Global Health Policies
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Questions and Answers

What does neoliberalism primarily advocate for?

  • Protectionist economic policies
  • Increased government regulation of markets
  • Enhanced public sector intervention
  • Free-market capitalism and reduced government spending (correct)

    • What was a significant shift in the World Bank's policies during the 1980s?

  • Embracing neoliberal frameworks (correct)
  • Decreased funding for low-income countries
  • A focus solely on public health initiatives
  • Implementation of social welfare programs

    • Which term describes the conditions imposed by the World Bank for lending money to countries in crisis?

  • Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) (correct)
  • Neoliberal Economic Frameworks
  • Fiscal Responsibility Agreements
  • International Financial Aid Conditions

    • How does neoliberalism influence education policy in the United States?

    <p>By introducing deregulated fees and tuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of HIV programming in Malawi, who are the key stakeholders identified?

    <p>Donors, brokers, and villagers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant concern did the World Bank show in the 1970s regarding health in low-income countries?

    <p>The impact of neoliberal frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the themes in the AIDS enterprise as highlighted in the Watkins and Swidler case study?

    <p>Fighting stigma and human rights considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of NGO practices in health projects?

    <p>They undermine existing health systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for countries to accept SAPs during the economic crash of the 1970s?

    <p>To receive loans contingent upon policy changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the non-profit created by the individual discussed?

    <p>To collaborate with the public sector and establish a code of conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key issue with the PlayPump project as reported?

    <p>It generated a lot of donor dollars without addressing local needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique does Hobbs have regarding the Millennium Development Villages?

    <p>They implemented a one-size-fits-all approach without acknowledging resource limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Deworm the World project measure effectiveness?

    <p>Through a randomized controlled trial (RCT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue noted about AID workers in Mozambique?

    <p>They usually have limited cultural competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key recommendations put forth in Hobbs's critique of the aid industry?

    <p>Engage community input before implementing projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the AID 'cowboys' and 'mercenaries'?

    <p>They are motivated by the thrill of danger or monetary gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the argument presented by Hickel regarding the flow of wealth in global health?

    <p>Poor countries continuously send more wealth to rich countries than they receive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did structural adjustment programs have on Mozambique's health system?

    <p>They damaged the primary healthcare model that was established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'ritual objects' used in global health training?

    <p>Snacks during breaks and money are considered ritual objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen to the debts owed by poorer countries according to Hickel's argument?

    <p>They should be forgiven to benefit the poorer countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the cultural response to orphans and vulnerable children in the context of AIDS?

    <p>It incorporated themes that made everyone happy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the situation in Mozambique's health system after gaining independence?

    <p>The war damaged the health system along with budget cuts from structural adjustments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do 'ritual spaces' play in global health training?

    <p>They provide environments for structured learning and engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the AIDS enterprise culture surround in relation to empowering vulnerable women?

    <p>It included themes that contributed to their empowerment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'accompaniment' in global health emphasize?

    <p>Collaborating until the accompanied individual decides to stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major criticisms of the aid provided to Haiti after the earthquake?

    <p>Only a small percentage of the aid reached the Haitian government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the types of failures mentioned in relation to global health initiatives?

    <p>Failure to engage local communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can RUTF (Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food) be improved in treating malnutrition in Haiti?

    <p>By producing it with local Haitian peanuts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle drives the argument for ensuring a 'preferential option for the poor' in global health initiatives?

    <p>Directing resources and efforts to support the most marginalized communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perspective called that considers cultural, economic, and psychological contexts affecting health and illness?

    <p>Anthropological Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of medical anthropologists regarding health and illness?

    <p>People and social dimensions of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply?

    <p>Understanding a culture on its own terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Kleinman differentiate between illness and disease?

    <p>Illness is subjective, whereas disease is more objective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'voice of medicine' refer to?

    <p>Scientific and clinical knowledge in healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept addresses the social and cultural aspects influencing health risks?

    <p>Explanatory models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does iatrogenic harm refer to?

    <p>Injuries resulting from medical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation mentioned in regards to the book 'The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down'?

    <p>It oversimplifies complex medical systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major criticism of universal metrics in global health according to Adams?

    <p>They were initially created by economists based on financial systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do QALYs measure health outcomes?

    <p>By determining the quality of life gained from an intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of the DALY metric?

    <p>It measures lost productivity due to death or disability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might enrolling in a randomized control trial (RCT) be significant for individuals in low-income countries?

    <p>It is often the only way to access necessary healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of metrics does Hobb criticize in relation to development?

    <p>The focus on immediate results rather than slow expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge noted regarding the creation of metrics in global health?

    <p>They are designed to be less problematic than existing measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the critique of randomized control trials (RCTs)?

    <p>Many low-income individuals depend on them for care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the view of metrics in relation to politics of health as expressed in the document?

    <p>Metrics help to transcend and clarify political discussions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Midterm Study Guide

    • The midterm exam covers all course readings, lectures, films, and other materials from weeks 1-6 of the course.

    Intersectionality

    • Intersectionality is the interconnection of personal identities (race, class, gender) that affect lived experiences and disadvantages.
    • It's not a single axis analysis.
    • Social determinants of health vary across income levels. Lower socioeconomic positions are associated with worse health outcomes.

    Medical Pluralism

    • Medical pluralism involves understanding health through multiple systems or traditions, such as Western medicine, holistic medicine, and Chinese medicine.
    • Example: Curanderismo.

    Bending the Arc

    • The excerpt involves working with community members to incorporate their culture into a clinic or hospital.
    • It highlights structural analysis, critiques of white saviorism, taking leadership from community members, and bridging resources.
    • Father Fitzs is a key figure in the case study, focusing on Haiti.

    Global Health

    • Global health seeks to reduce health inequalities by addressing major issues like income, location, and access to healthcare.
    • It helps understand how these factors influence healthcare access, disease spread, and resource distribution worldwide.

    Anthropological Lens

    • An anthropological perspective considers cultural, economic, and psychological contexts that impact health and illness.
    • This view helps understand why certain health behaviors continue, how cultural beliefs influence medical treatment, and how health is influenced by cultural, economic and psychological contexts.

    Culture and Enculturation

    • Anthropologists use culture and enculturation to understand health and illness. It refers to the way people learn beliefs and behaviours that shape their lives.
    • Cultural relativism versus ethnocentrism are key concepts, and medical anthropologists consider culture when studying health and illness to look at how culture influences the way health is understood and practiced.
    • Medical anthropologists use cultural perspectives to understand how different social, economic, political, and ecological factors influence health risks.

    Illness vs. Disease

    • Illness refers to how patients and their families perceive, live with, and respond to symptoms, while disease is what a practitioner creates when casting illness into health theories.
    • Explanatory models are key concepts in understanding the relationship between the voice of medicine and the voice of the lifeworld.

    Iatrogenic Harm

    • Understanding the cultures and rituals of biomedicine, including the history of biomedicine, the concept of iatrogenic harm, and characteristics of a 'culture of no culture'.

    The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

    • Explores the clash between Western medicine and Hmong cultural beliefs, focusing on a young Hmong girl, Lia Lee, who suffers from epilepsy.
    • Highlights cross-cultural communication in healthcare and illustrates the potential harm associated with a lack of cultural sensitivity in patient care.

    Structural Violence

    • Social arrangements that place individuals and populations at risk are called structural violence. They are embedded in political and economic systems.
    • Health is affected by inequalities that are deeply embedded in society.
    • Social, political, economic forces shape populations' health and access to care.

    Structural Competency

    • The ability to understand cultural expressions of illness and health, and to then counteract marginalization based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation or other markers of difference.
    • This requires cultural humility.

    Illness and Disease

    • Understanding the differentiation between illness and disease.
    • Understanding the concept of 'explanatory models' how they are used in healthcare.
    • Understanding the relationship between the patient's and health professional's perspectives.

    Readings

    • Be familiar with case studies from the assigned readings; Brown & Closser, Farmer, Ehrenreich, Taylor, Singer & Erickson, Kleinman, Fadiman, and Wendland, which discuss relevant issues.

    Upstream & Downstream Determinants

    • Upstream determinants are large-scale structural issues impacting communities and create barriers.
    • Downstream factors directly affect an individual's health

    Global Health

    • Understand the history of global health, the development, impact and critiques of neoliberalism. (Free market capitalism, deregulation, reduction in government spending).

    Aid

    • Examine the case study of aid in Mozambique and various critiques of aid work, including those made by Hobbs.

    Metrics in Global Health

    • Understand Adam's critique of metrics in global health and Oni-Orisan's related case study set in Nigeria (critiques of universalism, the QALY and DALY, and the way that the need to produce metrics shapes global health).

    Colonialism and Global Health

    • Understand the dynamics of colonialism as a social determinant of health, and consider the case study from Canada.
    • Be familiar with approaches for decolonizing global health.

    Aid to Accompaniment

    • Understand the concept of "aid to accompaniment" and its alternative approaches towards global health.
    • Critiques of the existing aid system and its failures are needed.

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    GLBH 148 Study Guide (Midterm) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts related to neoliberalism, its impact on global health policies, and the roles of various stakeholders in health initiatives. Participants will also examine the criticisms of NGO practices and significant shifts in World Bank policies that have influenced low-income countries. Test your understanding of these global challenges and their implications.

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