Neisseria meningitidis: Visión General
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes síntomas es característico de la meningitis causada por Neisseria meningitidis?

  • Diarrea
  • Eritema
  • Púrpura cutánea
  • Cefalea (correct)
  • ¿Qué serotipo de Neisseria meningitidis es responsable de epidemias masivas?

  • Serotipo A (correct)
  • Serotipo B
  • Serotipo W
  • Serotipo C
  • ¿Cuál es la puerta de entrada principal para Neisseria meningitidis en personas sanas?

  • Sistema digestivo
  • Agujeros nasales
  • Vías respiratorias (correct)
  • Cavidad oral
  • ¿Qué tratamiento es recomendado para la meningitis causada por Neisseria meningitidis?

    <p>Penicilina G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es un factor de virulencia clave de Neisseria meningitidis?

    <p>Capsula antifagocítica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    En el síndrome Waterhouse-Friderichsen, ¿cuál es una complicación severa que ocurre?

    <p>Necrosis suprarrenal bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué tipo de muestras se utilizan para la identificación de Neisseria meningitidis?

    <p>LCR o sangre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es el método de transmisión más común de Neisseria meningitidis?

    <p>Contacto directo o indirecto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué tipo de crecimiento requiere Neisseria meningitidis para su cultivo?

    <p>Aerobio con CO2 y glucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál de los siguientes fármacos se usa como profilaxis para contacto cercano con un enfermo de meningitis?

    <p>Rifampicina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neisseria meningitidis: General Overview

    • Endemic bacterial meningitis: A common form of bacterial meningitis.
    • Epidemic bacterial meningitis: A more serious form, the only cause in specific cases.
    • Meningococcemia (fulminant septicemia): A severe condition with symptoms including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), circulatory collapse, and shock.
    • Rapid and intense onset: The illness develops quickly.
    • Common season: Winter or early spring.
    • Transmission: Close contact in schools, daycares.

    Neisseria meningitidis Structure

    • Pili: Adherence to the pharyngeal mucosa.
    • Capsule: Polysaccharide, prevents phagocytosis.
    • Pore-forming proteins (serotypes): Important serotypes include A, B, C, W, and Y. Sero-group A is linked to large-scale epidemics

    Neisseria meningitidis Epidemiology

    • Causative agent: Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.
    • Reservoir: Humans.
    • Exit portal: Respiratory tract.
    • Transmission method: Direct or indirect contact.
    • Entry portal: Respiratory tract.
    • Susceptible host: Healthy humans.

    Virulence Factors of Neisseria meningitidis

    • Capsule (antiphagocytic): Prevents the immune system from destroying the bacteria.
    • "LOS" (lipopolysaccharide): Toxic effects, disseminated infections.
    • IgA protease: Breaks down antibodies, hindering the immune response.
    • Iron acquisition: Obtains iron from transferrin and lactoferrin.

    Clinical Significance of Neisseria meningitidis

    • Meningitis Symptoms: Fever, headache, vomiting, photophobia, meningeal signs, leukocytosis (in purulent meningitis).
    • Septicemia Symptoms: Often fatal within 12 hrs, meningoccous septicemia, more common in children (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome).
      • Symptoms of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome include extensive skin hemorrhages (purpura), vomiting/diarrhea, circulatory collapse, and bilateral adrenal gland necrosis
    • Mortality: High mortality rate, especially with septicemia.

    Identification of Neisseria meningitidis

    • Specimen collection: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood.
    • Growth conditions: Aerobic conditions, CO2, and glucose are necessary.
    • Oxidase test: Positive result.
    • Culture: Chocolate agar is recommended.
    • Further tests: Other lab tests might be performed.

    Prevention and Treatment of Neisseria meningitidis

    • Vaccination: Conjugated vaccines are available for serotypes A, C, W, Y.
    • Prophylaxis: Rifampicin or ciprofloxacin for close contacts.
    • Treatment: Penicillin G, ceftriaxone, or cefotaxime.

    Moraxella Overview

    • Gram stain: Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Motility: Non-motile.
    • Aerobic: Survive with oxygen.
    • Oxidase test: Positive (necessary for detecting).
    • Carbohydrate fermentation: Does not ferment carbohydrates.
    • Causitive agent: Respiratory infections, e.g., otitis media, eye infections, meningitis.

    Acinetobacter Overview

    • Gram stain: Gram-negative coccobacilli.
    • Motility: Non-motile.
    • Encapsulated: Some species.
    • Aerobic: Survive with oxygen.
    • Oxidase test: Negative.
    • Carbohydrate fermentation: Does not ferment carbohydrates.
    • Causative agent: Intra-hospital infections, Acinetobacter baumannii.

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    Description

    Este cuestionario ofrece una visión completa sobre Neisseria meningitidis, responsable de la meningitis bacteriana. Aborda su estructura, epidemiología y diferentes formas de la enfermedad como la meningococcemia. Ideal para estudiantes de medicina o microbiología que deseen profundizar en este tema crucial.

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