NCD Risk Factors in India and Prevention Programs

Questions and Answers

What percentage of adults in India reported current tobacco use according to the 2016-2017 Global Adult Tobacco Survey?

32.8%

41.3%

28.6% (correct)

15.9%

Which risk factor had the highest prevalence among adults in India according to the National NCD Monitoring Survey?

Current alcohol use

Current tobacco use

Inadequate intake of fruits and/or vegetables (correct)

Insufficient physical activity

What year did the government of India launch the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases?

2014

2013

2016

2010 (correct)

What body was created to ensure planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the NCD programme activities?

NCD Division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key strategy for the NCD programme's long-term sustainability?

Subsuming under the National Health Mission Signup and view all the answers

How many districts were initially covered by the NP-NCD programme when launched?

100 Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary focuses of the NP-NCD programme?

Screening and early diagnosis of NCDs Signup and view all the answers

During which Five Year Plan was the NP-NCD programme intended to be scaled up to cover all districts of India?

12th Five Year Plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary functionality criterion for upgrading primary level facilities to Health and Wellness Centres?

Universal screening of common NCDs Signup and view all the answers

What does the Community Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) primarily focus on?

Community-level risk assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT included under the phased interventions of the NP-NCD program?

Diabetes Mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What was the previous name of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases?

National Programme for Control of Diseases (NPCDCS) Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative outlines the roadmap for multisectoral efforts involving different Ministries/Departments for NCDs?

National Multisectoral Action Plan (NMAP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the capacity-building objective of NP-NCD?

Training healthcare providers for early diagnosis and management Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care is emphasized in the NP-NCD program's objectives?

Continuum of care across healthcare delivery levels Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred in 2016 regarding population health assessments?

Initiation of Population-Based Screening (PBS) for NCDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the District NCD Clinics established at District hospitals?

To manage Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and provide specialized care. Signup and view all the answers

Which screening method identifies NCD patients aged 30 years and above for further management?

Population Based Screening. Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic services are typically established at District hospitals to support NCD management?

Laboratory, pathology, and radiology support. Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients are prioritized at the NCD clinics after referral from lower healthcare facilities?

Patients with suspected or confirmed NCDs. Signup and view all the answers

How do District NCD Clinics handle individuals reporting directly for screening?

They conduct opportunistic screening for common NCDs. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the indicative laboratory investigations performed at District hospitals for common NCDs?

Blood lipid profile. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a District Hospital outsource certain laboratory investigations?

To access specialized diagnostics not available in-house. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of care do District Hospitals provide for NCD patients?

Outpatient and inpatient care in dedicated NCD clinics. Signup and view all the answers

What services are included under the range of NCD services provided at primary care levels?

Psycho-social counselling and emergency cardiac care Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) in managing NCDs?

Offering preventive, promotive, and curative services Signup and view all the answers

How is teleconsultation intended to function in NCD care?

To facilitate communication with higher-level facilities Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of service is emphasized to ensure it is effective across various health care levels?

Bi-directional referral linkages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary activity of Health and Wellness Centres for NCDs?

Active enumeration and risk assessment of the eligible population Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the referrals to specialists for NCD care?

Specific instructions regarding the referral logistics Signup and view all the answers

What type of care does the package of services for community-level NCD care NOT include?

Emergency surgical interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which level of health facility is responsible for outpatient case management of NCDs?

Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWCs) Signup and view all the answers

How many total contractual staff positions are needed to support the NP-NCD programme?

30 Signup and view all the answers

Which position requires a degree in Public Health or a related field?

State Programme Officer Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum experience required for the State Programme Officer position?

2 years in Health Services Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following positions is NOT part of the contractual staff required for the NP-NCD programme?

Research Scientist Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Consultant (Monitoring and Evaluation)?

To assess and evaluate programme effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

How many Data Entry Operators are needed for the NP-NCD programme?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which position at the State NCD Division does not have a specified number of posts in the provided information?

Data Entry Officer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following qualifications is NOT acceptable for the State Programme Officer position?

Bachelor's degree in Nursing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prevalence of NCD Risk Factors in India

NNMS (2017-18) indicates tobacco use at 32.8%, alcohol use at 15.9%, inadequate fruit/vegetable intake at 98.4%, and insufficient physical activity at 41.3% among adults aged 18-69.
GATS-2 (2016-2017) reports approximately 266.8 million tobacco users in India, equating to 28.6% of all adults.

National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs

Launched in 2010 under the 11th Five Year Plan, aimed at strengthening State Government efforts against NCDs.
Focuses on health promotion, screening, early diagnosis, and management of NCDs.
Expanded during the 12th Five Year Plan to cover all districts, integrated into the National Health Mission (NHM) in 2013-2014.

Institutional Framework and Strategy

Establishment of the NCD Division at National, State, and District levels for monitoring and evaluation of programs.
Strengthening health facilities with NCD clinics at district and block levels for opportunistic screening and management of common NCDs.
Introduction of Cardiac Care Units and Day Care Centres in District Hospitals for emergency cardiac care and chemotherapy.

Comprehensive Primary Health Care Initiatives

Population-Based Screening (PBS) initiated in selected districts in 2016, scaled up subsequently.
Integration of health services with Ayushman Bharat - Health and Wellness Centres, focusing on universal screening of common NCDs.
A Community Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) is used for community-level risk assessment.

Objectives of NP-NCD

Promote health behavior changes through community involvement and media engagement.
Implement screening, early diagnosis, management, referral, and follow-up care across healthcare levels.
Enhance capacity of healthcare providers for prevention and treatment of NCDs.

Package of Services by Level of Care

Community Level: Active registration, risk assessment, health promotion, lifestyle modification, and linkages to government welfare schemes.
District Hospitals: Establishment of NCD Clinics for management, with specialized care units for cardiac care and day care procedures.

NCD Screening Procedures

Population-Based Screening: For individuals aged 30+, prioritized management at district NCD clinics.
Opportunistic Screening: Available for all age groups visiting clinics directly.

Diagnostic Services

Diagnostic capacities expanded in District Hospitals for laboratory and imaging capabilities covering routine blood tests, ECGs, and CT scans.

Human Resources and Staffing

Specific contractual staff needed for NP-NCD, including Programme Coordinators, Epidemiologists, and various Consultants for monitoring, evaluation, and health promotion roles.
State NCD Division requires key positions to enhance local health management capabilities.

Regulations and Qualifications

Staff qualifications require relevant medical and public health education; experience in health management is essential for several roles.

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Description

This quiz explores the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in India, based on key data from the NNMS and GATS studies. Additionally, it provides insights into the national programs initiated to combat NCDs and the institutional strategies established to monitor these efforts.