Nationalism and Revolutions in Europe

The French Revolution popularized the idea of the nation-state, emphasizing the rights of the people and the importance of national identity.

The Age of Revolutions inspired nationalist leaders and movements in Germany and Italy to pursue unification through uprisings and political reforms.

Socialism is an economic system where production and distribution of goods are collectively owned and managed by the society.

<p>A democratic republic is characterized by elected representatives and officials who make decisions on behalf of the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political parties organize elections, represent various interests, and provide a platform for political participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Print culture facilitated the spread of ideas, promoted literacy, and helped unify diverse populations through shared narratives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization led to increased foreign investment, access to international markets, and technological advancements in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An absolute monarchy centralizes power in a single ruler with no legal limitations, while a democratic republic disperses power among elected representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nation is a large group of people with common descent, language, and history, inhabiting a defined territory and governed under one society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederic Sorrieu visualized a world composed of 'democratic and social republics' represented by distinct nations with their flags and national costumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key factors included the division of Germany, Italy, and Switzerland into various autonomous states, the rise of the middle class, industrialization, and the influence of liberal ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mazzini founded the secret society 'Young Italy' and advocated for a united Italian Republic, emphasizing that Italy should not remain a collection of small states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as the King of United Italy, marking the completion of the unification process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prussia, being the most powerful German state led by the Junkers, played a pivotal role in fostering German unification by dominating the political landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After the Napoleonic wars, Germany consisted of 39 independent states, with Prussia emerging as the most powerful entity among them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conservative regimes were autocratic and sought to preserve traditional institutions, which fueled revolutionary movements advocating for liberty and freedom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gandhi referred to them as Harijan and believed Swaraj would be unattainable without eliminating untouchability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk songs and literature helped cultivate a sense of collective belonging and promoted the idea of nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolized unity among different religious communities, represented by the eight lotuses for provinces and a crescent moon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some industrial workers, such as railway and dock workers, went on strike in support of the movement in 1930 and 1932.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bharat Mata symbolizes the Indian motherland and was popularized by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay through the song 'Vande Mataram.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They highlighted India's past achievements and urged readers to take pride and strive for better conditions against British oppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It did not attract all social groups, particularly the Dalits, due to fears of offending high caste Hindus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indian folklore played a crucial role by preserving traditional culture and inspiring nationalistic sentiments through folk tales and songs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabindranath Tagore was instrumental in the revival of Indian folklore, collecting ballads, nursery rhymes, and myths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinterpreting history allowed Indians to rediscover and celebrate their great achievements and glorious past, fostering a sense of pride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The image of Bharat Mata symbolizes the nation and evokes a sense of belonging among people, representing India as a mother figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote 'Vande Mataram,' a hymn to the motherland that became an anthem for the Swadeshi movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abanindranath Tagore created the famous image of Bharat Mata, portraying her as a calm, composed, and spiritual figure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural processes like history, folklore, songs, and popular prints helped unite various communities under a shared national identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nationalists believed that traditional folklore, customs, and social practices were corrupted and damaged by colonial influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The image of Bharat Mata became symbolically associated with India's nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay created the first image of Bharat Mata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History and folklore are two cultural processes that contributed to the formation of nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dandi March was significant as it symbolized a non-violent protest against British salt laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Silk Routes facilitated trade and cultural exchange by connecting Asia with Europe and northern Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Congress session took place in Madras in 1927.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Jallianwala Bagh incident was significant as it highlighted British repression and fueled anti-colonial sentiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization refers to an economic system that has emerged in the last 50 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alluvial soils are classified as Old Alluvial (Bangar) and New Alluvial (Khadar); Khadar has more fine particles and is more fertile than Bangar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black soil, also known as regur soil, is ideal for growing cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Deccan trap region, mostly covering parts of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reddish color is due to the diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laterite soil is found in tropical and subtropical climates with alternating wet and dry seasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black soil contains calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime, which are essential for crop growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soil particles appear to be bigger in size as one moves inland towards the river valleys.</p> Signup and view all the answers