Nasal Immunity in Vertebrates: An Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of lymphoid structure was discovered in the gills of salmonids in 2008?

  • ILT (correct)
  • GC
  • MALT
  • Spleen
  • Which vertebrate group was long thought to lack organized mucosa-associated lymphoid structures before a discovery in their gills?

  • Ectotherms (correct)
  • Mammals
  • Reptiles
  • Endotherms
  • In which type of vertebrate's spleen did scattered, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)+ B cells appear following immunization without the development of GC-like structures?

  • Amphibians (correct)
  • Fish
  • Birds
  • Reptiles
  • Which organized lymphoid structure near the salmon cloaca resembles the avian bursa?

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    Which vertebrate group has SLO architecture where the light zone of germinal centers is in the center?

    <p>Birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphoid structure was discovered in teleost fish gills through careful histomorphological examination?

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    What type of immune response does the diffuse NALT in teleost fish mount?

    <p>Innate and adaptive immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymphoid structures like adenoids and tonsils in mammals?

    <p>Support affinity maturation of the adaptive immune response in the nasopharyngeal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphocytes make up the O-NALT found in rainbow trout's nasal cavity?

    <p>56% CD4+, 24% IgM+, 16% CD8α+, and 4% IgT+ lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers expansions of B and T cells and aicda expression in response to primary intranasal vaccination in rainbow trout?

    <p>Live attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to IgM+ B cells within O-NALT upon prime but not boost intranasal vaccination in rainbow trout?

    <p>Undergo proliferation and apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lymphoepithelium, composed of lymphocyte aggregates, found in rainbow trout's nasal cavity?

    <p>From the most dorsal opening of the nares to the ventral nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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