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Questions and Answers
What characteristic do self-cleaning clothes possess?
What characteristic do self-cleaning clothes possess?
Which fibers are known to have the highest resistance to static charges?
Which fibers are known to have the highest resistance to static charges?
What is the main benefit of using Nano-zinc oxide in synthetic fibers?
What is the main benefit of using Nano-zinc oxide in synthetic fibers?
What happens to cotton when treated with Nano-silver particles?
What happens to cotton when treated with Nano-silver particles?
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What technology allows textiles to change color on demand?
What technology allows textiles to change color on demand?
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Which group has shown interest in color-changing textiles besides the fashion industry?
Which group has shown interest in color-changing textiles besides the fashion industry?
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What is one potential application of flexible electronic circuits made from nano-ribbons?
What is one potential application of flexible electronic circuits made from nano-ribbons?
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Why are anti-static properties important in textiles?
Why are anti-static properties important in textiles?
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What is a potential advantage of combining carbon nanotubes with plastic in shipbuilding?
What is a potential advantage of combining carbon nanotubes with plastic in shipbuilding?
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Which limitation of cotton fabrics does nanotechnology aim to improve?
Which limitation of cotton fabrics does nanotechnology aim to improve?
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What characteristic does a fabric treated with nano silver granules exhibit?
What characteristic does a fabric treated with nano silver granules exhibit?
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What type of material is typically used for coating fabrics to make them fire-resistant?
What type of material is typically used for coating fabrics to make them fire-resistant?
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How does nanotechnology improve the performance of synthetic fiber fabrics?
How does nanotechnology improve the performance of synthetic fiber fabrics?
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What is one characteristic of fabrics coated with nano titanium?
What is one characteristic of fabrics coated with nano titanium?
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What process is described for applying nano processing materials to fabrics?
What process is described for applying nano processing materials to fabrics?
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Which of the following applications of nanotechnology leads to the production of high-quality cotton fabrics?
Which of the following applications of nanotechnology leads to the production of high-quality cotton fabrics?
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What is the dimension measurement of a nanometer?
What is the dimension measurement of a nanometer?
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Which of the following correctly describes how objects behave at the nano scale?
Which of the following correctly describes how objects behave at the nano scale?
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What is the diameter of a hydrogen atom?
What is the diameter of a hydrogen atom?
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How many hydrogen atoms are needed to equal 1 nanometer in diameter?
How many hydrogen atoms are needed to equal 1 nanometer in diameter?
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What unit of measurement is a nanogram equivalent to?
What unit of measurement is a nanogram equivalent to?
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Which property of materials can change when they are manipulated at the atomic level with nanotechnology?
Which property of materials can change when they are manipulated at the atomic level with nanotechnology?
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What is the origin of the word 'Nano' derived from?
What is the origin of the word 'Nano' derived from?
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How does the diameter of DNA compare to a nanometer?
How does the diameter of DNA compare to a nanometer?
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What is one of the main benefits of using nano zinc oxide in clothing?
What is one of the main benefits of using nano zinc oxide in clothing?
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Which of the following properties are associated with textiles treated using nanotechnology?
Which of the following properties are associated with textiles treated using nanotechnology?
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How does the shark skin suit designed for Olympic swimming improve performance?
How does the shark skin suit designed for Olympic swimming improve performance?
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What advancement does Nano-Tex bring to water-repellent clothing?
What advancement does Nano-Tex bring to water-repellent clothing?
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Which characteristic of fabrics would NOT typically be improved by nanotechnology?
Which characteristic of fabrics would NOT typically be improved by nanotechnology?
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What role do the nano-filaments play in waterproof clothing?
What role do the nano-filaments play in waterproof clothing?
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Which wavelengths do UV protective clothing specifically target?
Which wavelengths do UV protective clothing specifically target?
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What common misconception might someone have about nano-treated fabrics?
What common misconception might someone have about nano-treated fabrics?
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What significant transformation occurs when materials are arranged at the Nano scale?
What significant transformation occurs when materials are arranged at the Nano scale?
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How are carbon nanotubes beneficial in construction materials?
How are carbon nanotubes beneficial in construction materials?
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What happens to gold nanoparticles in terms of light absorption?
What happens to gold nanoparticles in terms of light absorption?
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What is one implication of rearranging atoms to transform materials like metals into more valuable forms?
What is one implication of rearranging atoms to transform materials like metals into more valuable forms?
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What property change occurs in iron at the Nano scale compared to its larger form?
What property change occurs in iron at the Nano scale compared to its larger form?
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What is the effect of cutting an iron cube into smaller cubes?
What is the effect of cutting an iron cube into smaller cubes?
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What unique application do gold nanoparticles have in medicine?
What unique application do gold nanoparticles have in medicine?
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What is an example of a material that becomes notably stronger at the Nano scale?
What is an example of a material that becomes notably stronger at the Nano scale?
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Study Notes
Nanotechnology Overview
- Nanotechnology is the science of matter on the atomic and molecular scale.
- Dimensions are measured in nanometers (a meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers).
- Nanotechnology is also the technology of ultra-fine materials, microscopic technology, or miniature technology.
- The diameter of DNA is approximately 2.5 nanometers.
- Red blood cells are approximately 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
- The diameter of a hydrogen atom is 0.1 nanometers.
- 10 hydrogen atoms together add up to 1 nanometer.
- A human head hair's diameter ranges from 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers.
- The height of a drop of water spread over 1 square meter is approximately 1 nanometer.
- A nanometer is one-tenth the thickness of a colored layer in sunglasses.
Nanotechnology as a Measurement Unit
- Nano is an extremely small unit of measurement, equal to one billionth of any scale.
- A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (1/1,000,000,000 m).
- A nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter (1/1,000,000 mm).
Benefits of Nanotechnology
- Rearranging atoms in materials fundamentally changes properties.
- Objects behave differently at the nanoscale compared to larger scales.
- Physical, mechanical, and chemical properties change at the nanoscale.
- Rearranging atoms in coal yields diamonds.
- Rearranging atoms in sand & adding elements produces computer chips.
- Clay, water, and air rearranged create potatoes (at the nanoscale level).
- Converting cheap metals into gold might be possible using nanotechnology; however, gold would likely lose value.
Examples of Nanotechnology in Textiles
- Iron: Cutting an iron cube into smaller cubes (i.e., smaller than one meter) doesn't change its properties (such as color, texture, heat conductivity, melting point). However, cutting to the nanoscale changes the properties completely.
- Gold: Gold nanoparticles, when properly constructed, absorb light and convert it to heat (acting as a mini-scalpel). Some materials are noticeably stronger at the nanoscale.
- Carbon nanotubes: One millionth the diameter of a human hair, they are incredibly strong and used in bicycles, baseball bats, and some car parts; using them in car manufacturing saves energy.
- Carbon nanotubes: Conduct heat and electricity better than any metal, protecting airplanes and used in electrical computer circuits; potential for combining with plastic to create stronger, lighter ships.
Nanotechnology in Textiles - Different Materials
- Nano silver: Forms a thin, homogeneous layer on fabrics, increasing durability, stain & dirt resistance, and resistance to bacteria, microbes, and odor.
- Nano silicon (Silicon Dioxide): Creates a covering material for fabrics, making them flame-resistant and easier to clean.
- Nano Titanium: Creates coated fabrics resistant to abrasion, wrinkles, and water.
- Nano Zinc: Used as a coating material for fabric, making the material resistant to UV light and anti-static.
General Applications of Nanotechnology in Textiles
- Nanotechnology improves properties in textiles.
- Adds features or fixes defects in existing fabrics.
- Many different types of nano-equipment can be used in textiles.
- Treated textiles can be resistant to wetness, wrinkles, abrasion, bacteria, odor, static electricity, and UV light.
Water resistance
- Nano-Tex technology creates incredibly fine carbon filaments that coat fabrics. This allows water to bead and roll off, creating a water-resistant fabric without compromising breathability.
- The gaps between fibers are too small for the water to penetrate, creating a water resistant fabric.
UV Protection in Clothing
- Clothing can protect wearers from harmful UV rays (sunlight with wavelengths between 150-400 nanometers).
- Nano zinc oxide improves UV blocking properties, is more effective than nano silver, and is less expensive.
Self-Cleaning Clothes
- These clothes are resistant to stains, allergies, physical sweating, and bacteria.
- The fibers are natural, and technology is environmentally friendly.
- Cost is only 20% higher than regular clothing.
Anti-Static Clothing
- Static charges are higher in synthetic fibers (like nylon, polyester, and acrylic) due to absorbing little water.
- Cellulosic fibers have a higher moisture percentage.
- Nanotechnologies, specifically nano zinc oxide treatment, enhances anti-static properties in synthetic fibers.
Antibacterial Clothing
- Cotton is often used for clothes because of high water absorbency.
- High humidity creates a good environment for the growth of micro-organisms (viruses, microbes, and bacteria) in cotton.
- Treating cotton with nano-silver creates waterproof material (non-absorbent), making it resistant to these micro-organisms.
Other Applications
- Color-changing clothing: Produced with nano-spheres that shift color according to reflected light wavelengths; this could revolutionize fashion, including wallpaper.
- Flexible electronic circuits: Nano-ribbons create flexible chips; potential applications in healthcare (monitoring brain activity of epilepsy patients) and surgery (monitoring vital signs in surgical gloves).
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of nanotechnology, focusing on its definition and the measurement units involved. This quiz covers key concepts such as the scale of nanometers and comparisons with various biological entities. Test your knowledge on the significance of nanotechnology in modern science.
