40 Questions
Which type of immune response is activated by tuberculin and mycolic acid?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Contribute to delayed hypersensitivity
What is the classic example of delayed type IV hypersensitivity?
Mantoux tuberculin test
Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
IFNγ and TNFα
Which cells are at great risk of reactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis if patients receive anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies?
Effector Th1 cells
What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Adoption of M2 phenotype
Which type of immune response involves activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and antigen-specific T-lymphocytes?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is the most important characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows its intracellular survival?
Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion
Which response correlates with the increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Production of IL-4 or IL-10
Which antibodies are not involved in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
IgE antibodies
What is the primary function of autophagosomes?
To target cellular contents for degradation in lysosomes
What is the outcome of fusion of Mtb-laden phagosome with an autophagosome?
Creation of a microbicidal compartment for eliminating Mtb
What happens if the environment inside the lysosomal fusion acidifies?
Formation of a microbicidal compartment for eliminating Mtb
What is the role of virulent Mtb in the host cell?
To actively inhibit phagolysosomal maturation and acidification
What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?
Release of viable microbes leading to infection spread
What can lead to mycobacterial replication and disease symptoms later in life?
Erosion of granulomas into airways under conditions of reduced T-cell immunity
What is the potential outcome of reactivational TB?
Miliary TB affecting various organs such as kidneys, GI tract, brain, and spine
What are the symptoms associated with primary pulmonary TB?
Fever, dry cough
What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?
Most people heal without disease
What is a potential consequence of erosion of granulomas into airways later in life?
Mycobacterial replication under conditions of reduced T-cell immunity
What is the classic example of delayed type IV hypersensitivity?
Intradermal tuberculin test
Which cells are at great risk of reactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis if patients receive anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies?
Macrophages
What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?
Progression into active disease
What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion
What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Shift towards M1 phenotype
What is the potential outcome of reactivational TB?
Hemoptysis
Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
IFNγ and TNFα
What is the primary function of autophagosomes?
Degradation of cellular components
Which type of immune response involves activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and antigen-specific T-lymphocytes?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?
Inflammation and tissue damage
What is the primary function of autophagosomes?
Recycling cellular contents during starvation
What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?
The organisms can survive unless treated
What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Reduced ability to set up cell mediated immunity
Which type of immune response is activated by tuberculin and mycolic acid?
Cell-mediated immune response
What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Inhibiting phagolysosomal maturation
What happens if the environment inside the lysosomal fusion acidifies?
Elimination of Mtb through lysosomal fusion
What is a potential consequence of erosion of granulomas into airways later in life?
Increased risk of infecting any organ system
What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?
Release of viable microbes and spread of infection
What is the most important characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows its intracellular survival?
Expression of factors that actively inhibit phagolysosomal maturation and acidification.
Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Interleukin-12 and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Test your knowledge on the host cellular response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, including topics such as autophagy, macrophage heterogeneity, and granulomatous hypersensitivity.
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