Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Host Response Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immune response is activated by tuberculin and mycolic acid?

  • Cell-mediated immunity (correct)
  • Autoimmune response
  • Humoral immunity
  • Innate immunity

    • What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Promote exotoxin production
  • Contribute to delayed hypersensitivity (correct)
  • Inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
  • Mediate granulomas and caseation

    • What is the classic example of delayed type IV hypersensitivity?

  • Mantoux tuberculin test (correct)
  • PCR test for tuberculosis
  • Western blot test for tuberculosis
  • ELISA test for tuberculosis

    • Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>IFNγ and TNFα</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are at great risk of reactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis if patients receive anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Effector Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Adoption of M2 phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response involves activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and antigen-specific T-lymphocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows its intracellular survival?

    <p>Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response correlates with the increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Production of IL-4 or IL-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are not involved in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>IgE antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autophagosomes?

    <p>To target cellular contents for degradation in lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of fusion of Mtb-laden phagosome with an autophagosome?

    <p>Creation of a microbicidal compartment for eliminating Mtb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the environment inside the lysosomal fusion acidifies?

    <p>Formation of a microbicidal compartment for eliminating Mtb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of virulent Mtb in the host cell?

    <p>To actively inhibit phagolysosomal maturation and acidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?

    <p>Release of viable microbes leading to infection spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to mycobacterial replication and disease symptoms later in life?

    <p>Erosion of granulomas into airways under conditions of reduced T-cell immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of reactivational TB?

    <p>Miliary TB affecting various organs such as kidneys, GI tract, brain, and spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with primary pulmonary TB?

    <p>Fever, dry cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?

    <p>Most people heal without disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of erosion of granulomas into airways later in life?

    <p>Mycobacterial replication under conditions of reduced T-cell immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic example of delayed type IV hypersensitivity?

    <p>Intradermal tuberculin test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are at great risk of reactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis if patients receive anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?

    <p>Progression into active disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Shift towards M1 phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome of reactivational TB?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>IFNγ and TNFα</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autophagosomes?

    <p>Degradation of cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response involves activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and antigen-specific T-lymphocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?

    <p>Inflammation and tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autophagosomes?

    <p>Recycling cellular contents during starvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if organisms remain viable within the Ghon complex?

    <p>The organisms can survive unless treated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hypoxic conditions on infiltrating macrophages in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Reduced ability to set up cell mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is activated by tuberculin and mycolic acid?

    <p>Cell-mediated immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sulfatides in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Inhibiting phagolysosomal maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the environment inside the lysosomal fusion acidifies?

    <p>Elimination of Mtb through lysosomal fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of erosion of granulomas into airways later in life?

    <p>Increased risk of infecting any organ system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of cell death during Mtb infection?

    <p>Release of viable microbes and spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that allows its intracellular survival?

    <p>Expression of factors that actively inhibit phagolysosomal maturation and acidification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines must be produced by macrophages to effectively control Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Interleukin-12 and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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