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Questions and Answers
What triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft?
What triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft?
What is the primary role of calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary role of calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
How does the action potential travel across the sarcolemma?
How does the action potential travel across the sarcolemma?
What happens to acetylcholine in the synapse after a muscle twitch?
What happens to acetylcholine in the synapse after a muscle twitch?
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What is the function of active transport in the muscle cell following a contraction?
What is the function of active transport in the muscle cell following a contraction?
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What is the stimulus for contraction in skeletal muscle?
What is the stimulus for contraction in skeletal muscle?
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Which property of muscle tissue refers to its ability to shorten when stimulated?
Which property of muscle tissue refers to its ability to shorten when stimulated?
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In which type of muscle is contraction regulated by the intrinsic conduction system?
In which type of muscle is contraction regulated by the intrinsic conduction system?
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Where would you find smooth muscle tissue in the body?
Where would you find smooth muscle tissue in the body?
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Which type of muscle has branching chains of cells and may contain one or two nuclei per cell?
Which type of muscle has branching chains of cells and may contain one or two nuclei per cell?
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What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?
What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?
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What occurs during the process of muscle extensibility?
What occurs during the process of muscle extensibility?
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What type of neurons stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?
What type of neurons stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?
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What is a characteristic speed of contraction for smooth muscle?
What is a characteristic speed of contraction for smooth muscle?
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What characterizes the cell morphology of skeletal muscle?
What characterizes the cell morphology of skeletal muscle?
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What allows for intracellular fluid sharing between smooth muscle cells?
What allows for intracellular fluid sharing between smooth muscle cells?
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What is depolarization in the context of excitable membranes?
What is depolarization in the context of excitable membranes?
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How is an action potential compared to a physical phenomenon?
How is an action potential compared to a physical phenomenon?
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What happens following an action potential in a muscle cell?
What happens following an action potential in a muscle cell?
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What is meant by membrane potential?
What is meant by membrane potential?
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What describes the polarization of an excitable membrane?
What describes the polarization of an excitable membrane?
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Study Notes
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
- Muscle tissue responds to stimuli (excitability)
- Muscle contracts (contractility)
- Muscle stretches (extensibility)
- Muscle recoils to original shape (elasticity)
- Stimulus for muscle contraction is usually chemical (e.g., acetylcholine in skeletal muscle)
Types of Muscle Tissue
-
Smooth muscle:
- Function: Changes the size of structures (e.g., blood vessels) to alter delivery dynamics
- Location: Hollow organs (e.g., respiratory bronchioles, arteries, gastrointestinal tract)
- Morphology: Single cells
- Regulation: Involuntary (autonomic nerves, hormones, chemicals, stretch)
- Speed: Very slow
-
Cardiac muscle:
- Function: Heart contraction
- Location: Atria and ventricle walls
- Morphology: Branching chains of cells, one or two nuclei per cell, gap junctions
- Regulation: Involuntary (intrinsic conduction system of the heart, autonomic nervous system)
- Speed: Slow
-
Skeletal muscle:
- Function: Dynamic movement
- Location: Attached to bones or skin
- Morphology: Single, long, cylindrical, multinucleated, striated cells
- Regulation: Voluntary (somatic nervous system)
- Speed: Slow to fast (based on modulation by the somatic nervous system)
Excitable Membranes
- Membrane potential: Established by separating positive and negative charges across the membrane
- Inside of excitable cells is primarily negative, outside primarily positive
- Depolarization: Reducing the difference in charge across the membrane
- Action potential: Wave of depolarization traveling across the sarcolemma
- Action potential triggers intracellular events leading to muscle contraction
- Depolarization due to ion movement
- Action potential is like a domino effect, spreading depolarization
- After action potential: Active transport returns ions to original positions
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
- Motor neurons release acetylcholine to excite muscle cells
- Acetylcholine causes action potential to move across the sarcolemma
- Action potential moves into the muscle and triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Calcium interacts with contractile proteins, causing muscle shortening
- Events occur in milliseconds
- Multiple twitches lead to muscle contraction
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Description
Explore the essential characteristics and types of muscle tissue in this informative quiz. Learn about the unique features of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle, as well as their functions, morphology, and regulation. Test your knowledge on how these muscle types contribute to various physiological processes.
