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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate diameter of cardiac muscle fibers?
What is the approximate diameter of cardiac muscle fibers?
How are cardiac muscle fibers joined to each other?
How are cardiac muscle fibers joined to each other?
What type of myofilaments are attached to the intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers?
What type of myofilaments are attached to the intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers?
How are cardiac muscle fibers arranged in relation to each other?
How are cardiac muscle fibers arranged in relation to each other?
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Which of the following is true about the arrangement of myofibrils in smooth muscle fibers?
Which of the following is true about the arrangement of myofibrils in smooth muscle fibers?
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What is the function of dense bodies in smooth muscle fibers?
What is the function of dense bodies in smooth muscle fibers?
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What is the difference in the actin/myosin coefficient between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?
What is the difference in the actin/myosin coefficient between smooth muscle and skeletal muscle?
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What is the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle fibers?
What is the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle fibers?
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What is the maximum percentage of length by which smooth muscle can shorten at rest?
What is the maximum percentage of length by which smooth muscle can shorten at rest?
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What is the function of caveolae in the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells?
What is the function of caveolae in the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells?
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What is the arrangement of myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers?
What is the arrangement of myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers?
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What is the role of the external lamina in smooth muscle fibers?
What is the role of the external lamina in smooth muscle fibers?
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Which type of muscle tissue has transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria?
Which type of muscle tissue has transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria?
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What characterizes the conductive fibers in the heart?
What characterizes the conductive fibers in the heart?
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Which muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction?
Which muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction?
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What is a characteristic of smooth muscle fibers?
What is a characteristic of smooth muscle fibers?
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Where does rhythmic contraction originate in the cardiac muscle?
Where does rhythmic contraction originate in the cardiac muscle?
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Which type of muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies?
Which type of muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies?
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What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
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What type of muscle tissue can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation?
What type of muscle tissue can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation?
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What is a characteristic of cardiac muscle cells?
What is a characteristic of cardiac muscle cells?
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What characterizes the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle fibers?
What characterizes the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle fibers?
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What is a characteristic of smooth muscle fibers?
What is a characteristic of smooth muscle fibers?
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What characterizes the size and content difference between atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers?
What characterizes the size and content difference between atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers?
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Cardiac muscle fibers are joined to each other by desmosomes and gap junctions, which allow for the passage of ions and coordinated contraction.
Cardiac muscle fibers are joined to each other by desmosomes and gap junctions, which allow for the passage of ions and coordinated contraction.
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Cardiac muscle fibers are surrounded by loose connective tissue that is rich in blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle fibers are surrounded by loose connective tissue that is rich in blood vessels.
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The intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers have lateral portions that are rich in desmosomes and fasciae adherens.
The intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers have lateral portions that are rich in desmosomes and fasciae adherens.
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The diameter of cardiac muscle fibers is approximately 15 µm.
The diameter of cardiac muscle fibers is approximately 15 µm.
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Smooth muscle fibers can only shorten up to 10% of their length at rest.
Smooth muscle fibers can only shorten up to 10% of their length at rest.
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The actin/myosin coefficient in smooth muscle is 4, due to each thick filament being surrounded by 15 thin filaments.
The actin/myosin coefficient in smooth muscle is 4, due to each thick filament being surrounded by 15 thin filaments.
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The sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells has numerous caveolae, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
The sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells has numerous caveolae, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
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The thick filaments in smooth muscle are thinner and less abundant compared to skeletal muscle.
The thick filaments in smooth muscle are thinner and less abundant compared to skeletal muscle.
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The myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers are arranged in a spiral fashion.
The myofilaments in smooth muscle fibers are arranged in a spiral fashion.
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The intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin play a role in the process of contraction in smooth muscle fibers.
The intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin play a role in the process of contraction in smooth muscle fibers.
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Smooth muscle fibers can exert more force than skeletal muscle, given equal surface area.
Smooth muscle fibers can exert more force than skeletal muscle, given equal surface area.
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The contraction of smooth muscle fibers follows the 'all or none law' as in skeletal muscle.
The contraction of smooth muscle fibers follows the 'all or none law' as in skeletal muscle.
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Cardiac muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm.
Cardiac muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm.
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Smooth muscle fibers actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles.
Smooth muscle fibers actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles.
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Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction.
Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction.
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Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation.
Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation.
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Cardiac muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies.
Cardiac muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies.
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The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to smooth muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node.
The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to smooth muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node.
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Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate.
Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate.
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Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by fast and sporadic voluntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems.
Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by fast and sporadic voluntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems.
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Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with low energy consumption and scarce mitochondria.
Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with low energy consumption and scarce mitochondria.
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Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells.
Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells.
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Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain ventricular natriuretic factor granules.
Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain ventricular natriuretic factor granules.
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The sarcolemma of smooth muscle fibers is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads.
The sarcolemma of smooth muscle fibers is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads.
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What are the characteristic features of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers?
What are the characteristic features of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibers?
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How are the cardiac muscle fibers arranged in relation to each other?
How are the cardiac muscle fibers arranged in relation to each other?
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What is the approximate diameter of cardiac muscle fibers?
What is the approximate diameter of cardiac muscle fibers?
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What is the role of thin myofilaments in transmitting the movement of contraction in cardiac muscle fibers?
What is the role of thin myofilaments in transmitting the movement of contraction in cardiac muscle fibers?
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Explain the difference in myofilament arrangement between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
Explain the difference in myofilament arrangement between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
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Describe the function and structure of dense bodies in smooth muscle fibers.
Describe the function and structure of dense bodies in smooth muscle fibers.
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Compare the actin/myosin coefficient in smooth muscle fibers with that in skeletal muscle fibers.
Compare the actin/myosin coefficient in smooth muscle fibers with that in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Explain the difference in the ability to shorten at rest between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
Explain the difference in the ability to shorten at rest between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
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Discuss the structural differences in the sarcolemma between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
Discuss the structural differences in the sarcolemma between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
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Explain the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in the process of contraction in smooth muscle fibers.
Explain the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in the process of contraction in smooth muscle fibers.
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Describe the difference in the arrangement of myofibrils between smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers.
Describe the difference in the arrangement of myofibrils between smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers.
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Explain the difference in the ability to follow the 'all or none law' between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
Explain the difference in the ability to follow the 'all or none law' between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers.
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Explain the structure of the sarcolemma in cardiac muscle fibers and its surrounding components.
Explain the structure of the sarcolemma in cardiac muscle fibers and its surrounding components.
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What characterizes the difference between atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers?
What characterizes the difference between atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers?
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What are the different types of conductive fibers in the heart and their functions?
What are the different types of conductive fibers in the heart and their functions?
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How are myofilaments arranged in cardiac muscle fibers, and where does rhythmic contraction originate?
How are myofilaments arranged in cardiac muscle fibers, and where does rhythmic contraction originate?
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What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
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Describe the structure and characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.
Describe the structure and characteristics of smooth muscle tissue.
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Where are smooth muscle cells found in the body, and what are their unique features?
Where are smooth muscle cells found in the body, and what are their unique features?
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What is the regenerative capability of smooth muscle, and how does it originate?
What is the regenerative capability of smooth muscle, and how does it originate?
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What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating cardiac muscle fibers?
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating cardiac muscle fibers?
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How does the structure of smooth muscle fibers differ from cardiac muscle fibers?
How does the structure of smooth muscle fibers differ from cardiac muscle fibers?
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What are the characteristics of conductive fibers in the heart, and what is their role in impulse conduction?
What are the characteristics of conductive fibers in the heart, and what is their role in impulse conduction?
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______ muscle tissue is composed of muscle fibers of cylindrical morphology, about 15 µm in diameter and 85-100 µm in length. They are often bifurcated at their ends and are joined to each other by intercalated discs, visible with the light microscope, especially by iron hematoxylin stains. Intercalated discs have transverse portions with numerous interdigitate papillary projections with adjacent fibers forming a complex union with desmosomes and fasciae adherens and lateral portions rich in gap junctions. Thin myofilaments are attached to them to transmit the movement of contraction from one cell to the adjacent one. Between the adherens junctions of the intercalated discs there are numerous communicating junctions, which favour the passage of ions from one cell to the next, thus allowing the contraction to take place in a progressive and coordinated manner. The cardiac muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other forming fascicles or parallel sheets to the surface of the endocardium and epicardium and surrounded by loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels.
______ muscle tissue is composed of muscle fibers of cylindrical morphology, about 15 µm in diameter and 85-100 µm in length. They are often bifurcated at their ends and are joined to each other by intercalated discs, visible with the light microscope, especially by iron hematoxylin stains. Intercalated discs have transverse portions with numerous interdigitate papillary projections with adjacent fibers forming a complex union with desmosomes and fasciae adherens and lateral portions rich in gap junctions. Thin myofilaments are attached to them to transmit the movement of contraction from one cell to the adjacent one. Between the adherens junctions of the intercalated discs there are numerous communicating junctions, which favour the passage of ions from one cell to the next, thus allowing the contraction to take place in a progressive and coordinated manner. The cardiac muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other forming fascicles or parallel sheets to the surface of the endocardium and epicardium and surrounded by loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels.
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Cardiac muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other forming ______ or parallel sheets to the surface of the endocardium and epicardium and surrounded by loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other forming ______ or parallel sheets to the surface of the endocardium and epicardium and surrounded by loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels.
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Intercalated discs have transverse portions with numerous ______ papillary projections with adjacent fibers forming a complex union with desmosomes and fasciae adherens and lateral portions rich in gap junctions.
Intercalated discs have transverse portions with numerous ______ papillary projections with adjacent fibers forming a complex union with desmosomes and fasciae adherens and lateral portions rich in gap junctions.
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Thin myofilaments are attached to them to ______ the movement of contraction from one cell to the adjacent one.
Thin myofilaments are attached to them to ______ the movement of contraction from one cell to the adjacent one.
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Cardiac muscle fibers actively transport ______ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
Cardiac muscle fibers actively transport ______ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
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Conductive fibers in the heart include ______, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
Conductive fibers in the heart include ______, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
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Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained ______ contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained ______ contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
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Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ______ bodies
Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ______ bodies
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The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the ______ node
The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the ______ node
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Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and ______ regulation of heart rate
Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and ______ regulation of heart rate
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Smooth muscle can ______ and originate from pericyte differentiation
Smooth muscle can ______ and originate from pericyte differentiation
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Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in ______ sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in ______ sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
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Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, ______, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, ______, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
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Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent ______
Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent ______
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Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from ______ differentiation
Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from ______ differentiation
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Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant ______
Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant ______
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The thick filaments in smooth muscle are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by ______ thin filaments instead of 6 as in skeletal muscle.
The thick filaments in smooth muscle are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by ______ thin filaments instead of 6 as in skeletal muscle.
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The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither ______.
The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither ______.
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The thick filaments have heavy meromyosin throughout their length, so they can slide further over each other. This sliding is transmitted to dense bodies, wrinkling and shortening the cell, up to 10% of its length at rest, while skeletal muscle can only shorten up to 30% of its length at rest. Therefore, with equal surface area, smooth muscle can exert more force than ______ muscle.
The thick filaments have heavy meromyosin throughout their length, so they can slide further over each other. This sliding is transmitted to dense bodies, wrinkling and shortening the cell, up to 10% of its length at rest, while skeletal muscle can only shorten up to 30% of its length at rest. Therefore, with equal surface area, smooth muscle can exert more force than ______ muscle.
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The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and ______ muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and ______ muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense.
The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and ______ muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and ______ muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense.
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The structure of smooth muscle fibers is something different from that of striated muscle fibers, since the myofilaments are not arranged forming specific structures. However, they show a complex structuring to favour muscle contraction. Figure 3. Smooth muscle structure (adapted from de Gartner y Hiat, 2013, Color Atlas and Text of Histology, 6th Ed.). The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and ______ muscle.
The structure of smooth muscle fibers is something different from that of striated muscle fibers, since the myofilaments are not arranged forming specific structures. However, they show a complex structuring to favour muscle contraction. Figure 3. Smooth muscle structure (adapted from de Gartner y Hiat, 2013, Color Atlas and Text of Histology, 6th Ed.). The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and ______ muscle.
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The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense. The thick filaments are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by 15 thin filaments instead of 6 as in ______ muscle.
The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense. The thick filaments are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by 15 thin filaments instead of 6 as in ______ muscle.
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There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and cardiac muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of ______ muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense.
There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and cardiac muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of ______ muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense.
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The contraction of smooth muscle fibers does not follow the ______ law as in skeletal muscle, but a part of the cell can contract, as well as contract gradually and progressively.
The contraction of smooth muscle fibers does not follow the ______ law as in skeletal muscle, but a part of the cell can contract, as well as contract gradually and progressively.
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The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and cardiac muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense. The thick filaments are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by 15 thin filaments instead of 6 as in skeletal muscle.
The sarcolemma or cytoplasmic membrane of these cells has numerous caveolae on both sides of the nuclei, which have the same function as the T tubules in skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as pinocytic vesicles. There is also an external lamina surrounding the sarcolemma, as well as numerous communicating junctions with adjacent cells. As organelles, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a small Golgi complex are usually arranged on either side of the nucleus. Intermediate filaments (desmin and vimentin) are also present in the sarcoplasm and help myofilaments in the process of contraction. Myofibrils have a very different arrangement than skeletal and cardiac muscle. The bundles of myofibrils are arranged parallel to each other, in a spiral fashion. The thin myofilaments contain actin, but not troponin, and in some types of smooth muscle neither tropomyosin. These filaments are very long, helical in arrangement, and are anchored in the sarcolemma by dense bodies, which act in a similar way to the Z line of skeletal muscle. Dense bodies can be revealed with the light microscope and iron hematoxylin stains, being very electron dense. The thick filaments are thicker than in skeletal muscle, but they are less abundant. Thus, the actin/myosin coefficient is the double that in skeletal muscle, 4 because each thick filament is surrounded by 15 thin filaments instead of 6 as in skeletal muscle.
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Match the following characteristics with the correct muscle type:
Match the following characteristics with the correct muscle type:
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Match the organelle or structure with its location or function in smooth muscle fibers:
Match the organelle or structure with its location or function in smooth muscle fibers:
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Match the myofilament characteristic with the type of muscle fiber:
Match the myofilament characteristic with the type of muscle fiber:
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Match the type of muscle fiber with its unique contraction characteristic:
Match the type of muscle fiber with its unique contraction characteristic:
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Match the cell junction with its location or function in cardiac muscle fibers:
Match the cell junction with its location or function in cardiac muscle fibers:
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Match the following characteristics with the correct muscle type:
Match the following characteristics with the correct muscle type:
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Match the following descriptions with the correct feature of smooth muscle fibers:
Match the following descriptions with the correct feature of smooth muscle fibers:
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Match the following components with their role in cardiac muscle fibers:
Match the following components with their role in cardiac muscle fibers:
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Match the following organelles with their location in smooth muscle fibers:
Match the following organelles with their location in smooth muscle fibers:
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Match the following characteristics with the correct statement about smooth muscle contraction:
Match the following characteristics with the correct statement about smooth muscle contraction:
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Match the following descriptions with the correct feature of cardiac muscle fibers:
Match the following descriptions with the correct feature of cardiac muscle fibers:
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What is the function of caveolae in the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells?
What is the function of caveolae in the sarcolemma of smooth muscle cells?
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What are the characteristics of conductive fibers in the heart, and what is their role in impulse conduction?
What are the characteristics of conductive fibers in the heart, and what is their role in impulse conduction?
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How are myofilaments arranged in cardiac muscle fibers, and where does rhythmic contraction originate?
How are myofilaments arranged in cardiac muscle fibers, and where does rhythmic contraction originate?
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What is the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle fibers?
What is the role of intermediate filaments desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle fibers?
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What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
What regulates the heart rate for cardiac muscle fibers?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Muscle Structure and Function
- Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria
- The sarcolemma is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads
- Cardiac muscle cells actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
- Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain atrial natriuretic factor granules
- Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
- The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node
- Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
- Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells
- Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation
- Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies
- Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
Cardiac Muscle Structure and Function
- Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria
- The sarcolemma is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads
- Cardiac muscle cells actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
- Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain atrial natriuretic factor granules
- Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
- The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node
- Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
- Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells
- Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation
- Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies
- Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
Cardiac Muscle Structure and Function
- Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria
- The sarcolemma is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads
- Cardiac muscle cells actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
- Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain atrial natriuretic factor granules
- Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
- The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node
- Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
- Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells
- Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation
- Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies
- Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
Cardiac Muscle Structure and Function
- Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria
- The sarcolemma is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads
- Cardiac muscle cells actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
- Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain atrial natriuretic factor granules
- Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
- The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node
- Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
- Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells
- Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation
- Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies
- Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
Cardiac Muscle Structure and Function
- Cardiac muscle fibers have transverse striations and one or two nuclei, with high energy consumption and abundant mitochondria
- The sarcolemma is surrounded by a basal lamina and T tubules, with underdeveloped sarcoplasmic reticulum cisterns forming diads
- Cardiac muscle cells actively transport Ca++ from the extracellular fluid and contain abundant glycogen and lipid vesicles
- Atrial and ventricular contractile cardiac muscle fibers differ in size and contain atrial natriuretic factor granules
- Conductive fibers in the heart include sinoatrial, atrioventricular, and His bundle cells, with Purkinje fibers for impulse conduction
- The arrangement of myofilaments in cardiac muscle fibers is similar to skeletal muscle, with rhythmic contraction originating in the sinoatrial node
- Cardiac muscle fibers are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by slow and sustained involuntary contraction, found in various visceral and vascular systems
- Smooth muscle fibers are spindle-shaped with a central nucleus, have the ability to divide, and present Gap type junctions between adjacent cells
- Smooth muscle can regenerate and originate from pericyte differentiation
- Smooth muscle cells are found in the digestive, reproductive, urinary, and respiratory systems, as well as in blood vessel walls, gland ducts, dermis, and ciliary bodies
- Smooth muscle fibers lack transverse striations in longitudinal sections and have eosinophilic, homogeneous cytoplasm
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Description
Test your knowledge of cardiac and smooth muscle structure and function with this quiz. Explore the characteristics of cardiac muscle fibers, conductive fibers in the heart, and the innervation of cardiac muscle. Then, delve into the unique features of smooth muscle tissue, including its appearance, distribution, and regenerative abilities.