Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the hyoid bone?
What action is primarily performed by the Masseter muscle?
Which of the following muscles aids in the medial rotation of the arm?
Which muscle is not involved in the flexion of the forearm?
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Which muscles are primarily responsible for abducting the arm?
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What is the primary role of the diaphragm during breathing?
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Which muscle originates from the zygomatic bone?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the flexion of the thigh?
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What is the function of the external intercostals during respiration?
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Which muscle is responsible for allowing the thumb to abduct?
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Which muscle originates on the sternum or manubrium?
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Where do most anterior neck muscles insert?
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Which of the following muscles does NOT originate from the humerus?
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What is the common insertion point for many muscles that move the arm?
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Which muscle is an exception in the upper arm that does not originate from the humerus?
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What do most anterior lower arm muscles originate from?
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From where do most posterior lower leg muscles originate?
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The primary insertion point for most anterior upper leg muscles is the:
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Which muscle inserts at the calcaneus?
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Which of the following muscles has its origin at the pubic ramus?
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What do the majority of muscles that move the arm have in common regarding their insertions?
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Which type of muscles typically has insertions in the metacarpals?
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Where do most posterior upper leg muscles insert?
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Which of the following is true about the origins of muscles of the posterior lower leg?
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Study Notes
Actions of the Head/Neck
- Head: Facial muscles move lips, mouth, or jaw
- Lip movement muscles: Levator Labii Superioris (raises upper lip), Depressor Labii Inferioris (lowers lower lip), Orbicularis Oris (closes lips/mouth).
- Mouth (corner) muscles: Zygomaticus (smiling), Risorius (smiling), Levator and Depressor Anguli Oris (raise/lower mouth angle).
- Jaw muscles: Masseter, Temporalis, Buccinator (chewing).
- Neck: Neck muscles attach to the hyoid, elevating or depressing it and extending or flexing the head/neck.
- Depress hyoid: Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid
- Elevate hyoid: Digastric, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid
- Elevate scapula: Trapezius, Levator Scapulae
- Flex neck/head: Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes
- Extend neck/head:
Actions of the Trunk Muscles
- Muscles move the scapula or arm (humerus), involved in breathing or moving abdominal regions of the trunk.
- Abduct the arm: Deltoid, Supraspinatus
- Adduct the arm: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Subscapularis
- Arm Flexion/Extension: Pectoralis Major (flex), Latissimus Dorsi (extend), Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior
- Lateral Rotation of the arm: Infraspinatus, Teres minor
- Medial rotation of the arm: Subscapularis, Teres major
- Compress abdominal wall/flex and rotate trunk: Rectus abdominus, External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transverse Abdominus
- Breathing muscles: Diaphragm, External Intercostals, Internal Intercostals
Arm Muscle Actions
- Upper arm: Muscles flex or extend forearms (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, anconeus).
- Lower arm: Muscles flex or extend hands/wrists; pronate or supinate the forearm or move the thumb or digits: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris.
Lower Arm Movement
Flex the wrist/hand: Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundis
Extends the wrist/hand: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Move the thumb: Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Longus
Leg Muscle Actions
- Upper leg: Muscles flex or extend thighs/hips or knees/lower legs
- Flex/extend thighs/hips: Iliacus and Psoas Major, Sartorius, Tensor Fascia Latae, Quadriceps muscles, Hamstrings.
- Flex/extend the knee/lower leg: Quadriceps muscles, Hamstrings, Gluteus maximum
Lower Leg Movement
- Dorsiflex the foot: Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Plantar Flex the foot: Fibularis Longus/Brevis, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origins and Insertions (Head and Neck)
- Most head muscles originate on the zygomatic, maxilla, or mandible.
- Muscles with origins on the zygomatic bone: Levator Labii Superioris, Levator Anguli Oris, Zygomaticus muscles
Origins and Insertions (Anterior Muscle of the neck)
- Most anterior neck muscles originate on sternum/manubrium or mandible.
- Muscles with origins on the sternum/manubrium: Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Sternocleidomastoid, Platysma
- Muscles with origins on the mandible: Digastric, Mylohyoid
Origins and Insertions (Lateral and Posterior Neck Muscles)
- Most lateral/posterior neck muscles originate on vertebral column projections (Semispinalis, Scalenes, Splenius capitis).
- Levator Scapulae, Trapezius
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Description
This quiz focuses on the various muscle actions of the head, neck, and trunk. It covers key muscles involved in facial expression, jaw movement, neck mobility, and trunk stability. Test your knowledge on the functions and roles of these important muscle groups.
