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COPY: Module 3
72 Questions
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COPY: Module 3

Created by
@ElegantSuccess

Questions and Answers

What is the major blood supply source for the visual receptors in the retina?

  • Internal carotid artery
  • Choroid (correct)
  • Central artery of the retina
  • Ophthalmic artery

    • What is a common symptom of decreased perfusion pressure in the head region?

  • Double vision
  • Blurred vision
  • Eye pain
  • Graying-out or blackout of vision (correct)

    • What can cause retinal ischemia?

  • General circulatory collapse (correct)
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Postural hypotension

    • What is the origin of the ophthalmic artery?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by transient episodes of monocular visual loss lasting 5 to 10 minutes?

    <p>Amaurosis fugax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual duration of symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Days to weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blindness in industrialized countries?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Parkinson's disease on the brain?

    <p>Destruction of the basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Visual impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of cardiopulmonary arrest?

    <p>Permanently decreased visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean age of onset for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>57 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Symptom management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of antiparkinson drugs on the brain?

    <p>Increasing dopamine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of brain injury is caused by impact?

    <p>Primary brain injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of botulinum toxin injections in treating Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Relieving dystonias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the difference in vessel response between older and younger adults?

    <p>Vessel rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of retinal detachment?

    <p>Traction on the inner sensory layer or a tear in this layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a type of retinal detachment?

    <p>Exudative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a funduscopic examination of the eye?

    <p>To examine the retinal blood vessels and other aspects of the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus of the eye?

    <p>It allows diagnosis of both metabolic and vascular diseases of the brain and pathologic processes specific to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of otitis media in children?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual consequence of perforation of the tympanic membrane?

    <p>Purulent material drains into the external auditory canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ear pain in otitis media?

    <p>It increases as the effusion accumulates behind the tympanic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of strokes are caused by large artery thrombosis?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of a stroke?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cholinesterase inhibitors in treating Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To slow down the progression of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common predisposing factor for hemorrhagic strokes?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual outcome of a hemorrhagic stroke?

    <p>Most frequently fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major goal of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Maintaining socialization and providing support for caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of otitis media with effusion?

    <p>Sensation of fullness in the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are children most frequently diagnosed with otitis media?

    <p>Between 3 months and 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for otitis media?

    <p>Smoking in the house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are infants more prone to otitis media?

    <p>Due to their shorter and more horizontal eustachian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can reduce the risk of otitis media?

    <p>Elimination of household smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total resting cardiac output is received by the brain?

    <p>15-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain originates in deep body structures such as muscles, tendons, and joints?

    <p>Deep somatic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between surface pain and visceral pain?

    <p>Type of damage that causes pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pain that is perceived at a site different from its point of origin?

    <p>Referred pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of unmet metabolic demand in nervous tissue?

    <p>Rapidly leads to clinically observable signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen consumption is attributed to the brain?

    <p>15-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain persists longer than might be reasonably expected after an inciting event?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>Sustained by factors that are both pathologically and physically remote from the originating cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormality is indicated by reduced numbers of synaptic structures on neurons in the prefrontal cortex?

    <p>Dendritic spine density reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Reduced dopamine concentrations in the striatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurobiological factor is associated with the development of depressive disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tracts are affected in Multiple Sclerosis, leading to abnormalities in gait and coordination?

    <p>Cerebellar tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of strabismus?

    <p>Abnormality of eye coordination or alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for Parkinson's disease?

    <p>To manage symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual duration of symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Days to weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of amblyopia?

    <p>Lazy eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of botulinum toxin injections in treating Parkinson's disease?

    <p>To alleviate dystonias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible biologic theory associated with depressive disorder?

    <p>HPA axis hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Abnormal gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of neuroimaging in people with depression who have experienced early abuse?

    <p>Hippocampal hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neurologic disorder involved in the development of mood disorders?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of antiparkinson drugs on the brain?

    <p>Increase the functional ability of the underactive dopaminergic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a category of Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dopamine play in depression?

    <p>Contributory role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the retina receives oxygen?

    <p>Supply from the choroid via the vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of retinal ischemia in survivors of cardiopulmonary arrest?

    <p>Permanent decrease in visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for which diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of newly reported cases of blindness?

    <p>20-74 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of visual loss in amaurosis fugax?

    <p>5-10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of retinal detachment?

    <p>Separation of the visual receptors from the choroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of edema and ischemic death of retinal neurons?

    <p>Permanent decrease in visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of internal carotid or common carotid stenosis?

    <p>It is associated with intermittent retinal ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ranking of diabetic retinopathy as a cause of blindness in industrialized countries?

    <p>First</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased risk of otitis media in infants?

    <p>Their eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of children who are more likely to develop otitis media?

    <p>They are overweight or obese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of visible air-fluid level with or without bubble in otitis media with effusion?

    <p>It is a sign of otitis media with effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce the risk of contracting otitis media?

    <p>Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does smoking in the house increase the risk of?

    <p>It increases the risk of otitis media</p> Signup and view all the answers

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