Motivation: Chapter 10

Motivation: Chapter 10

• Motives are needs, wants, and interests propelling people in certain directions.
• Social and biological motives are distinct.

Input and Motivation Model

• The interplay between social and biological motives drives individuals to seek food and intimacy. This influences choices like dining out or preparing meals, fostering nurturing environments, and manifests in behaviors such as dating, emphasizing the significance of connection and shared experiences.
• Isolation leads to social contact motivation, resulting in behavior like calling a friend.
• The need for success or fear of failure leads to motivation through good grades which results in behavior like studying hard.

Maslow's Model

• Order of needs from bottom to top with physiological needs (hunger, thirst) at the bottom and self-actualization (realization of potential) at the peak of the pyramid.
• Progression is possible when lower needs are satisfied, but regression happens if lower needs are unmet.
• Aesthetic needs involve order and beauty.
• Cognitive needs is focus on knowledge and understanding.
• Esteem includes achievement and recognition.
• Belongingness and love focus on affiliation and acceptance.
• Safety and security revolve around long-term survival and stability.

Criticism of Maslow's Model

• Lower needs may not have to be fulfilled to access higher-order needs.
• The order may not be universal.
• The model does not address needs for autonomy, power, or aggression.
• The model does not address altruism and the need to help others.

Social Motives: Need for Achievement

• Involves the desire to excel through giving a good performance.
• Includes wanting to accomplish goals and succeed.
• Reflected in behaviors like setting high goals, realizing career potential, seeking achievements quickly, improving athletic capabilities, reaching career goals, putting in effort, maximizing ventures, accomplishing daily projects, using time effectively, and saving money.

Social Motives: Need for Affiliation

• Centers on establishing and maintaining interpersonal relations.
• Concerns seeking approval and acceptance.
• It involves actively making efforts to win friends & preventing loneliness and rejection.
• There's an emphasis on connection and having people like you.
• It is reflected in behaviors such as maintaining relationships, being friendly, seeking physical affection, meeting new people & avoiding confrontation.

Social Motives: Need for Intimacy

• Centers on commitment and concern for a significant other
• It includes pursuing good interpersonal relations & wanting warm, close exchanges with others beyond just quantity.
• Can be shown through helping and sharing.
• Reflected in behaviors such as helping friends, spending time with loved ones, being understanding, helping the less fortunate, keeping in touch with relatives, accepting others, pleasing family, being patient with partners, listening, giving more than receiving, and making others happy.

Social Motives: Need for Power

• Focus is on wanting to influence or control others.
• Emphasis on having an impact and gaining public attention
• It involves competing with others and arousing emotions in others to maintain power.
• Expressed via wanting to establish or maintain power
• Behaviors include persuading others, showing superiority, generating interest in one's work, forcing intimacy, excelling in group settings, dominating family dynamics, making people laugh, convincing parents of one's success, directing others, and dressing impressively.

What Research Tells Us

• People are most fulfilled when they are engaged in activities where they feel independent, in control (autonomy), competent/worthy, and connected.
• Social Determination Theory emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness as fundamental needs contributing to personal fulfillment.

Explore the drives behind human behavior in this chapter summary. We delve into social and biological motives, the input and motivation model, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Understand how needs, wants, and interests propel individuals, impacting everything from basic survival to self-actualization.