Morphine Pharmacological Actions

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What is a characteristic of sedation caused by morphine?

Apparent excitement
Indifference to surroundings and own body (correct)
Motor incoordination and ataxia
Anticonvulsant action

What is the effect of morphine on the respiratory centre?

No effect on respiratory centre
Stimulation of respiratory centre
Depression of respiratory centre in a dose-dependent manner (correct)
Dependence on the individual's age

What is the cause of death in morphine poisoning?

Renal failure
Respiratory failure (correct)
Hepatic failure
Cardiac failure

What is the effect of morphine on the mental state of patients in pain or anxiety?

It produces a feeling of pleasure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following centers is more sensitive to morphine than the respiratory centre?

Cough centre (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the vasomotor centre?

It is depressed at higher doses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the CNS?

It depresses the CNS (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of nausea and vomiting as side effects of morphine?

Stimulation of the CTZ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on a healthy individual?

It does not produce cognizable respiratory depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the heart rate?

It decreases the heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the cardiovascular system?

It has no effect on the cardiovascular system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the release of ACTH?

It decreases the release of ACTH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the gastrointestinal system?

It has no effect on the gastrointestinal system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of miosis caused by morphine?

Stimulation of the Edinger Westphal nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the release of GH?

It increases the release of GH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the body temperature?

It decreases the body temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which morphine causes vasodilation?

Release of histamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of morphine's effect on the cardiovascular system?

Increased cardiac work (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of constipation in patients taking morphine?

Increased tone and segmentation of the intestines (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common endocrine effect of morphine?

Impotence and menstrual irregularities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on ADH release?

It increases ADH release (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a CNS effect of morphine?

Central sympathetic stimulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on cardiac work?

It decreases cardiac work (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of morphine's effect on the respiratory system?

Increased CO2 retention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of action for morphine's analgesic effects?

μ opioid receptor in the Central Nervous System (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of alkaloids does opium contain?

Both Phenanthrene and Benzoisoquinoline derivatives (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of morphine on the biliary tract?

Spasm of sphincter of Oddi (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of morphine in opium?

10% in opium (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why can morphine be dangerous in asthmatics?

It releases histamine, leading to bronchoconstriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a semisynthetic opioid?

Diacetylmorphine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the perception of pain?

It alters the perception of pain, making it less unpleasant or distressing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on urinary bladder tone?

Increased tone of both detrusor and sphincter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of morphine on the Central Nervous System?

Site-specific depressant and stimulant actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the unreliable oral absorption of morphine?

High and variable first pass metabolism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is relieved better by morphine?

Dull, poorly localized visceral pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long does the effect of a parenteral dose of morphine typically last?

4-6 hours (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of morphine elimination?

Glucuronide conjugation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the dose of morphine on analgesia?

The degree of analgesia increases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why does morphine freely cross the placenta?

It is highly lipophilic (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does morphine remain chronically constipating?

No tolerance develops to its central action (C) Signup and view all the answers