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Questions and Answers
Which adverse effect of morphine does NOT develop tolerance?
Which adverse effect of morphine does NOT develop tolerance?
Which condition is a contraindication for morphine use due to risk of worsening symptoms?
Which condition is a contraindication for morphine use due to risk of worsening symptoms?
Which opioid is 100 times more potent as an anti-tussive than morphine?
Which opioid is 100 times more potent as an anti-tussive than morphine?
Which of these is NOT an adverse effect of morphine?
Which of these is NOT an adverse effect of morphine?
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Why is Codeine contraindicated in children and adolescents?
Why is Codeine contraindicated in children and adolescents?
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Which opioid has both morphine-like and atropine-like effects?
Which opioid has both morphine-like and atropine-like effects?
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What effect of morphine can interfere with the proper diagnosis of acute abdomen?
What effect of morphine can interfere with the proper diagnosis of acute abdomen?
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Which statement is true regarding heroin compared to morphine?
Which statement is true regarding heroin compared to morphine?
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Which of the following is an adverse effect of Meperidine?
Which of the following is an adverse effect of Meperidine?
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What therapeutic use is associated with Codeine?
What therapeutic use is associated with Codeine?
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Study Notes
Morphine Adverse Effects
- Morphine decreases respiration and induces bronchospasm
- Causes miosis, a pinpoint pupil
- Leads to nausea and vomiting
- Induces hypotension and bradycardia
- Causes constipation and retention of urine
- May cause neonatal asphyxia
- Can cause itching and physical dependence
- Tolerance develops to all effects except constipation and miosis, and shows cross-tolerance with other opioids
- Interferes with proper diagnosis of head injury and acute abdomen
Morphine Contraindications
- Contraindicated in patients with myxoedema or hypothyroidism due to decreased basal metabolic rate
- Contraindicated in patients with epilepsy as it can worsen the condition
- Contraindicated in extreme ages (children and elderly)
- Contraindicated in patients with enlarged prostate due to increased risk of urine retention and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Codeine (Natural)
- Weaker than morphine as an analgesic, in causing constipation, and in addiction
- Therapeutic uses include as an anti-tussive in dry cough and dangerous cough (post-operative)
- Contraindicated in children and adolescents due to the risk of respiratory depression and epilepsy
Heroin (Semisynthetic)
- Converted to morphine in the CNS
- 100 times more potent as an anti-tussive and analgesic than morphine
- Has rapid onset and short duration, increasing the risk of abuse
- Not used clinically in most countries due to its high potency and abuse potential
Meperidine (Pethidine) (Synthetic)
- Has morphine-like and atropine-like effects
- Has advantages over morphine, including spasmolytic action, less analgesia, less respiratory depression, less addiction, and less emesis
- Does not cause pinpoint pupils, constipation, or affect the cough center, making it unsuitable as an antitussive
- May cause mydriasis (dilated pupils)
- Antagonized by naloxone, which can cause toxicity
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Description
This quiz covers the adverse effects and contraindications of morphine, a medication commonly used to treat pain.
