ATI Pharmacology: Fentanyl and Morphine Flashcards

Study Notes

Fentanyl Overview

Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid used as a sedative, particularly in anesthesia.
Administered via IV, IM, transmucosal, and transdermal methods for flexibility in different clinical situations.
Useful in inducing and maintaining anesthesia, achieving moderate sedation, and facilitating intubation and mechanical ventilation.

Expected Pharmacologic Action of Fentanyl

Causes loss of consciousness and eliminates response to painful stimuli through central nervous system (CNS) depression.
Interactions with various CNS agents can lead to additive effects.

Therapeutic Uses of Fentanyl

Commonly used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.
Provides moderate sedation, usually alongside a non-opioid agent.
Critical for intubation and facilitating mechanical ventilation.

Complications Associated with Fentanyl

High risk for respiratory and cardiovascular depression, particularly hypotension.
Monitoring is essential due to potential severity of complications.

Administration Routes for Fentanyl

Can be administered through several routes: IV, IM, transmucosal, and transdermal, allowing for tailored patient care.

Contraindications and Precautions for Fentanyl

Not recommended for clients with a history of mental illness due to psychiatric effects.
Caution is advised in patients with respiratory or cardiovascular ailments.

Drug Interactions with Fentanyl

Potential for additive CNS depression when combined with alcohol, barbiturates, and opioids.
CNS stimulation can occur with amphetamines and cocaine.

Nursing Interventions for Fentanyl

Administer gradually for moderate sedation to avoid severe reactions.
Continuous monitoring is critical during and after sedation for signs of respiratory arrest or hypotension.
Use large veins for injection to minimize discomfort.

Patient Education for Fentanyl

Advising transportation arrangements post-outpatient procedures is crucial for patient safety.

Evaluation of Fentanyl Effectiveness

Effectiveness is measured by stable vital signs, patient orientation, bowel activity, urination, controlled nausea, and absence of pain during procedures.

Morphine Sulfate Overview

Morphine is a natural opioid used primarily for pain management, categorized as a narcotic.

Expected Pharmacologic Action of Morphine

Acts predominantly on mu receptors and partially on kappa receptors, resulting in analgesia, sedation, euphoria, and respiratory depression.

Therapeutic Uses of Morphine

Effective for relief of moderate to severe pain, sedation, reducing bowel motility, and cough suppression.

Complications Associated with Morphine

Common side effects include respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, sedation, and potential biliary colic.

Administration Routes for Morphine

Can be administered via various routes including oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, epidural, and intrathecal.

Contraindications and Precautions for Morphine

Contraindicated post-biliary tract surgery and during/after delivery in premature infants due to respiratory risks.
Caution needed for patients with asthma, obesity, and those having hepatic or renal issues.

Nursing Interventions for Morphine

Regular pain assessments and vital sign monitoring are essential; notify healthcare provider if respiratory rate drops below 12/min.
Following controlled substance guidelines and have naloxone ready in case of overdose is advised.
Patients with cancer should have a fixed opioid schedule for better pain control.

Patient Education for Morphine

Patients should avoid concurrent use of other CNS-affecting medications to prevent compounded effects.

Drug Interactions with Morphine

Avoid combining morphine with other CNS depressants, alcohol, or anticholinergic agents due to heightened risk of adverse effects.

Evaluation of Morphine Effectiveness

Effectiveness is gauged through pain relief, cough suppression, and resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea.

Description

Test your knowledge on the pharmacology of Fentanyl and Morphine with these flashcards. Each card covers important definitions including expected pharmacologic actions and therapeutic uses. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding of these medications.

ATI Pharmacology: Fentanyl and Morphine Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

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What is the expected pharmacologic action of Sedative medications?

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What is a significant complication of opioid use?

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