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What is the definition of a framework as it relates to ethics?
What is the definition of a framework as it relates to ethics?
A basic structure underlying a system or concept that sets out a specific worldview, assumptions, values, and practices. In short, it is a worldview or a held theory.
Which branch of ethics studies the meaning and truth values of moral judgments?
Which branch of ethics studies the meaning and truth values of moral judgments?
Cognitivism claims that moral judgments convey propositions that are either true or false.
Cognitivism claims that moral judgments convey propositions that are either true or false.
True
Which of these is NOT a category within Non-Cognitivism?
Which of these is NOT a category within Non-Cognitivism?
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What is the main difference between Moral Universalism and Moral Relativism?
What is the main difference between Moral Universalism and Moral Relativism?
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What is the main focus of Normative Ethics?
What is the main focus of Normative Ethics?
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Which of these is NOT a key quality of a human act?
Which of these is NOT a key quality of a human act?
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Which of these is NOT determined by voluntariness?
Which of these is NOT determined by voluntariness?
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What is the main difference between elicited acts and commanded acts?
What is the main difference between elicited acts and commanded acts?
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According to Paul Glenn, the tendency of the will towards something, even if it is impossible, is known as ______?
According to Paul Glenn, the tendency of the will towards something, even if it is impossible, is known as ______?
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Study Notes
Frameworks and Principles of Moral Disposition
- Frameworks are basic structures underlying systems or concepts in ethics.
- They include assumptions, concepts, values, and practices.
- Frameworks constitute a worldview or held theory.
General Subject Areas in Studying Morality
- Meta-ethics: Studies the nature of morality (meaning, truth values of moral judgments).
- Explains goodness, wickedness, and knowledge of them.
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Cognitivism: Moral judgments convey propositions (truth bearers - true or false).
- Moral Realism: Moral facts' existence and truth are independent of perceptions.
- Ethical Subjectivism: Moral truth depends on individual/group attitudes.
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Non-Cognitivism: Moral judgments aren't true or false; they're not propositions.
- Emotivism: Moral judgments express emotions/feelings (like exclamatory sentences).
Universalism vs. Relativism
- Moral Universalism (Objectivism): Moral facts/principles apply to everyone, everywhere.
- Moral Relativism: Different moral characters/principles apply differently to persons/groups.
Empiricism vs. Rationalism vs. Intuitionism
- Moral Empiricism: Moral facts derived from experience, not innate.
- Moral Rationalism: Moral facts knowable through reason alone.
- Moral Intuitionism: Moral truths known instinctively, immediately.
Normative Ethics
- Studies how people should act morally.
- Examines ethical norms (guidelines about what's right, worthwhile, virtuous, or just).
- Evaluates actions' rightness/wrongness.
- Addresses specific moral questions.
- Deontology: Morality based on independent moral rules/duties, regardless of consequences.
- Teleology (Consequentialism): Moral value determined by outcomes; considers consequences.
- Virtue Ethics: Emphasizes developing good character traits and avoiding bad ones.
Applied Ethics
- Examines specific, controversial moral issues.
- Determines ethically correct actions in specific situations.
- Bioethics: Ethical issues in life, biomedical research, healthcare.
- Environmental Ethics: Ethical issues about nature, ecosystem, nonhuman entities.
- Business Ethics: Moral principles for business practices, corporate conduct.
- Sexual Ethics: Issues related to sexuality and human behavior.
- Social Ethics: Social behavior norms and how a society should act.
Human Acts vs. Acts of Man
- Human Acts: Voluntary, free actions with deliberation. (e.g. studying, helping someone, apologizing).
- Acts of Man: Involuntary actions from instinct. (e.g. sneezing, breathing, reflexes).
Human Actions and the Act of Man
- Humans have moral sense due to anticipation of consequences, value judgments, and choices.
- Human Act: Conscious decision to act; is voluntary and involves knowledge/consent.
- Act of Man: Natural acts of the body/mind (e.g. digestion, heartbeats, sensory perceptions).
Elicited vs. Commanded Actions
- Elicited Acts: Internal actions of the will (e.g., wishing, intending, consenting).
- Commanded Acts: Actions done by body/mind following the will's command (internal, external, or mixed).
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Description
Explore the key frameworks and principles related to moral disposition, including meta-ethics and its various branches. This quiz will delve into concepts such as moral realism, ethical subjectivism, and the debate between moral universalism and relativism. Test your understanding of how these elements shape moral judgments and ethical constructs.
