Ethical Frameworks and Theories

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Which ethical framework focuses on choosing the action that maximizes overall well-being for the majority?

Rights Approach
Utilitarian Approach (correct)
Fairness and Justice Approach
Virtue Approach

Deontology emphasizes the importance of outcomes when determining the morality of an action.

False (B)

Which ethical theory posits that moral actions are those that improve one's own character traits?

Virtue Ethics

Ethics is derived from the Greek word _______, referring to character.

ethos Signup and view all the answers

Match each ethical theory with its core principle:

Egoism = Acting in one's self-interest Ethics of Care = Prioritizing relationships and compassion Utilitarianism = Maximizing overall happiness Natural Law = Following inherent human instincts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between morals and ethics?

Ethics are externally imposed rules; morals are personal beliefs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An action that is considered immoral always violates the law.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What approach considers moral and legal standards to ensure equitable treatment for everyone?

Fairness and Justice Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical framework posits that the morality of an action is determined by its capacity to generate overall happiness for the majority?

Consequentialism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Deontology primarily assesses the morality of an action based on its outcomes rather than the inherent nature of the action itself.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a 'non-moral' action?

lack of concern for good behavior Signup and view all the answers

According to the concept of __________ what is deemed morally correct or incorrect is subject to cultural context, with no existing global or unbiased code of morality.

cultural relativism Signup and view all the answers

In what type of dilemma do the ethical choices and actions of an individual significantly impact others?

Interpersonal Dilemma (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates a societal dilemma?

A government deciding whether to allocate resources to healthcare or education. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A moral dilemma is a situation where one must choose between options that all lead to morally acceptable outcomes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the core principle of cultural relativism?

Understanding a culture on its own terms without judgment based on one's own cultural standards. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Moral relativism suggests that there is an objective standard to judge the moral codes of different societies.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Briefly explain the difference between 'absolute' and 'critical' cultural relativism.

Absolute cultural relativism suggests that outsiders should not question anything within a culture, while critical cultural relativism involves questioning cultural practices, particularly regarding power dynamics. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'taboo' originates from the Tongan word '______' meaning forbidden.

tabu Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of taboos with their descriptions:

Cultural Taboos = Practices considered inappropriate within a specific cultural group. Religious Taboos = Actions or behaviors forbidden by a religion. Food Taboos = Restrictions on what foods are appropriate to eat. Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective challenges the beliefs about objectivity and universality of moral truth?

Cultural Relativism (B) Signup and view all the answers

Ethnocentrism is aligned with the core principles of cultural relativism.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with bringing the term 'taboo' to English from the Pacific?

Captain James Cook (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes culture, according to Edward Burnett Tylor?

A complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, and customs acquired as a member of society. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Xenocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe how culture is both shared and transmitted within a social group.

Culture is shared and transmitted among members of a social group through language and symbolic means of communication, allowing acquired learning to pass on through generations. Signup and view all the answers

The idea that humans are born as a `______` slate, without pre-existing cultural knowledge, is referred to as tabula rasa.

clean Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of culture suggests that cultural practices develop through interactions within a social environment?

Culture is a social phenomenon. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the cultural view with its description:

Ethnocentrism = Belief in the superiority of one's own culture. Xenocentrism = Preference for another culture over one's own. Signup and view all the answers

Why is culture considered a 'collective programming of the mind'?

Because it distinguishes members of one group from another through shared values and beliefs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the transmission of culture across generations contributes to its dynamic nature.

When culture is passed down through generations, each generation interprets and adapts the culture to fit current needs and understandings, causing it to evolve. Signup and view all the answers

Ethics

A set of structured rules or standards followed via profession, law, or moral obligation.

Morals

Personal principles or beliefs regarding right and wrong.