Montelukast Medication Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the generic name of the medication?

Montelukast

What is the functional and chemical classification of Montelukast?

Func.class.: Bronchodilator; Chem.class.: Leukotriene receptor antagonist, cysteinyl

What is the action of Montelukast?

Inhibits leukotriene (LTD4) formation; leukotrienes exert their effects by increasing neutrophil, eosinophil migration; aggregation of neutrophils, monocytes; smooth muscle contraction, capillary permeability; these actions further lead to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, edema

What are the indications for the use of Montelukast?

Chronic asthma in adults and children, seasonal allergic rhinitis, bronchospasm prophylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for the use of Montelukast?

Hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal adult routes of medication administration for Montelukast?

PO Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal adult dose range for Montelukast?

Adult and child ≥15 yr: PO 10 mg/day in PM Signup and view all the answers

What are the life-threatening adverse reactions/side effects of Montelukast?

Seizures, suicidal ideation, memory impairment, hostility, somnambulism, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, angioedema, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse reactions/side effects of Montelukast?

Dizziness, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, influenza, cough Signup and view all the answers

What are the pharmacokinetics of Montelukast?

Rapidly absorbed; peak 3-4 hr, chew tab (5 mg) 2-2.5 hr; half-life 2.7-5.5 hr, extended in hepatic disease; protein binding 99%; metabolized by liver; excreted via bile Signup and view all the answers

What nursing assessments/interventions are required for patients receiving Montelukast?

Churg-Strauss syndrome: rare adult patients carefully for symptoms: eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, neuropathy; allergic reactions: rash, urticaria; product should be discontinued; for behavior changes and suicidal ideation, other neuropsychiatric reactions; severe hepatic disease, use cautiously Signup and view all the answers

What patient/family teaching is required when administering Montelukast?

To check OTC medications, current prescription medications for ePHEDrine, which will increase stimulation; to avoid alcohol; to avoid hazardous activities; dizziness may occur; that product is not to be used for acute asthma attacks; if aspirin sensitivity is known, not to take NSAIDs while taking this product; to continue to use inhaled β-agonists if exercise-induced asthma occurs; Granules: to give directly in mouth or mixed in a spoonful of room temperature soft food; use within 15 min of opening packets; discard unused portions Signup and view all the answers

What nursing evaluation is required when administering Montelukast?

Therapeutic response: ability to breathe more easily Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Montelukast Overview

Generic name for the medication is Montelukast.
Classified functionally as a bronchodilator and chemically as a leukotriene receptor antagonist, specifically cysteinyl.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits the formation of leukotriene LTD4.
Reduces effects caused by leukotrienes including:
- Increased neutrophil and eosinophil migration.
- Neutrophil and monocyte aggregation.
- Smooth muscle contraction and increased capillary permeability.
Alleviates bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and edema.

Indications

Used for chronic asthma management in adults and children.
Effective for seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Prophylaxis against bronchospasm.

Contraindications

Contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity to the medication.

Administration

Route of administration is orally (PO).
Normal adult dosage is 10 mg per day, typically taken in the evening for patients aged 15 and older.

Adverse Reactions

Life-Threatening Effects

Potentially severe reactions include:
- Seizures and suicidal ideation.
- Memory impairment and hostility.
- Somnambulism, pancreatitis, and thrombocytopenia.
- Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis and angioedema.
- Churg-Strauss syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Common Side Effects

Common adverse reactions may include:
- Dizziness and fatigue.
- Headache and abdominal pain.
- Symptoms resembling influenza and cough.

Pharmacokinetics

Rapid absorption with a peak effect occurring in 3-4 hours; chewable tablets peak in 2-2.5 hours.
Half-life ranges between 2.7-5.5 hours, extended in hepatic disease.
Protein binding rate is 99%, and it is metabolized by the liver with excretion via bile.

Nursing Assessments and Interventions

Monitor for symptoms of Churg-Strauss syndrome in rare cases, such as eosinophilia and vasculitic rash.
Assess for allergic reactions like rash or urticaria and discontinue use if observed.
Evaluate for changes in behavior or suicidal ideation; observe other neuropsychiatric reactions.
Use cautiously in patients with severe hepatic disease.

Patient and Family Teaching

Instruct to check over-the-counter and prescription medications to avoid ephedrine, which can increase stimulation.
Warn against alcohol consumption and hazardous activities due to possible dizziness.
Clarify that Montelukast is not for acute asthma attacks.
Advise against NSAIDs in patients with known aspirin sensitivity.
Recommend continuing inhaled β-agonists for exercise-induced asthma.
For granules, instruct on administration either directly in the mouth or mixed with a spoonful of soft food, to be used within 15 minutes of opening packets.

Nursing Evaluation

Assess therapeutic response by observing improvements in the patient's ability to breathe more easily.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Montelukast with these flashcards. Learn about its generic name, classification, and action. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields.