Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the respiratory system?
What is the function of the respiratory system?
- Perform gas exchange between the body and its environment (correct)
- Deliver carbon dioxide to the tissues
- Regulate body temperature
- Assist in digestion
What does anoxia refer to?
What does anoxia refer to?
- Deficiency of hemoglobin
- Reduced supply of oxygen
- Retention of carbon dioxide in the body
- Complete failure of the tissue to receive adequate oxygen supply (correct)
Which type of anoxia is typically caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract?
Which type of anoxia is typically caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract?
- Anemic anoxia
- Histotoxic anoxia
- Anoxic anoxia (correct)
- Stagnant anoxia
What is hypercapnia?
What is hypercapnia?
What compensatory mechanism can be triggered by slow development of anoxia?
What compensatory mechanism can be triggered by slow development of anoxia?
What role do chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies play in compensatory mechanisms during anoxia?
What role do chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies play in compensatory mechanisms during anoxia?
What is the mechanism of action for Cromolyn Sodium?
What is the mechanism of action for Cromolyn Sodium?
Which drug is considered a mast cell stabilizer?
Which drug is considered a mast cell stabilizer?
How do Methylxanthines like Theophylline work to relieve bronchospasm?
How do Methylxanthines like Theophylline work to relieve bronchospasm?
Which disorder is NOT listed as a condition for long-term control with Theophylline?
Which disorder is NOT listed as a condition for long-term control with Theophylline?
What class of drugs are used to prevent asthma attacks?
What class of drugs are used to prevent asthma attacks?
Why is Aminophylline preferred when an I.V. methylxanthine is required?
Why is Aminophylline preferred when an I.V. methylxanthine is required?
Which type of antitussives are absorbed well through the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in urine?
Which type of antitussives are absorbed well through the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in urine?
What is the objective of antitussive therapy?
What is the objective of antitussive therapy?
Which type of antitussives are typically used to treat dry, nonproductive coughs?
Which type of antitussives are typically used to treat dry, nonproductive coughs?
How do CNS depressant antitussives work?
How do CNS depressant antitussives work?
Which opiates are potent antitussive agents according to the text?
Which opiates are potent antitussive agents according to the text?
What is a common method by which coughing can be suppressed?
What is a common method by which coughing can be suppressed?
How do corticosteroids work in the body?
How do corticosteroids work in the body?
What is a common route of administration for corticosteroids in acute asthma attacks?
What is a common route of administration for corticosteroids in acute asthma attacks?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an inhaled corticosteroid mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an inhaled corticosteroid mentioned in the text?
What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?
What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?
Which form of corticosteroids has a rapid onset of action?
Which form of corticosteroids has a rapid onset of action?
What is one possible adverse effect of corticosteroids due to their effect on other areas in the body?
What is one possible adverse effect of corticosteroids due to their effect on other areas in the body?
Which category of drugs directly act on the respiratory lining cells to increase secretory activity?
Which category of drugs directly act on the respiratory lining cells to increase secretory activity?
What is the mode of action of indirectly acting expectorants?
What is the mode of action of indirectly acting expectorants?
Which drug category includes medications like Phenylephrine and Oxymetazoline that constrict blood vessels in mucus membranes?
Which drug category includes medications like Phenylephrine and Oxymetazoline that constrict blood vessels in mucus membranes?
What is the mode of action of antitussives that are centrally acting?
What is the mode of action of antitussives that are centrally acting?
Which drug category is used to counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine during allergic reactions?
Which drug category is used to counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine during allergic reactions?
What do bronchodilators like Clenbuterol and Salbutamol do?
What do bronchodilators like Clenbuterol and Salbutamol do?
Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The function of the respiratory system is not explicitly stated in the text.
Anoxia
- Anoxia refers to a state of oxygen deficiency.
- Intrapulmonary anoxia is typically caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract.
Hypercapnia
- Hypercapnia is not explicitly defined in the text, but it refers to a state of elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.
Compensatory Mechanisms
- In cases of slow development of anoxia, a compensatory mechanism can be triggered, although the specific mechanism is not stated.
Chemoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies play a role in compensatory mechanisms during anoxia.
Cromolyn Sodium
- Cromolyn Sodium is a drug that prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells.
- It is considered a mast cell stabilizer.
Methylxanthines
- Methylxanthines, such as Theophylline, relieve bronchospasm by increasing the concentration of cAMP, which relaxes smooth muscle.
Theophylline
- Theophylline is used for long-term control of conditions such as asthma, but not for ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome).
- Aminophylline is preferred when an IV methylxanthine is required.
Antitussives
- Antitussives are used to relieve coughs.
- The objective of antitussive therapy is to suppress coughing.
- Opiates are potent antitussive agents.
- CNS depressant antitussives work by reducing the sensitivity of the cough center in the brain.
- Expectorants increase secretory activity in the respiratory tract.
- Mucolytics break down mucus.
Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune response and reducing inflammation.
- They are often administered through inhalation for acute asthma attacks.
- The primary function of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma is to reduce inflammation.
- Corticosteroids can have a rapid onset of action in their IV form.
- A possible adverse effect of corticosteroids is suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Bronchodilators
- Bronchodilators, such as Clenbuterol and Salbutamol, relax smooth muscle in the airways, relieving bronchoconstriction.
Expectorants
- Expectorants increase secretory activity in the respiratory tract.
- Indirectly acting expectorants work by stimulating the vagus nerve.
Decongestants
- Decongestants, such as Phenylephrine and Oxymetazoline, constrict blood vessels in mucus membranes, reducing swelling.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Montelukast and Mast Cell Stabilizers, their indications, and mechanisms of action. Understand the role of these drugs in managing allergic rhinitis and preventing asthma attacks.
