Montelukast and Mast Cell Stabilizers Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Perform gas exchange between the body and its environment (correct)

Deliver carbon dioxide to the tissues

Regulate body temperature

Assist in digestion

What does anoxia refer to?

Deficiency of hemoglobin

Reduced supply of oxygen

Retention of carbon dioxide in the body

Complete failure of the tissue to receive adequate oxygen supply (correct)

Which type of anoxia is typically caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract?

Anemic anoxia

Histotoxic anoxia

Anoxic anoxia (correct)

Stagnant anoxia

What is hypercapnia?

Retention of carbon dioxide in the body Signup and view all the answers

What compensatory mechanism can be triggered by slow development of anoxia?

Increase in depth and rate of respiratory movement (hyperpnea) Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemoreceptors of the carotid and aortic bodies play in compensatory mechanisms during anoxia?

Regulate respiratory movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Cromolyn Sodium?

Inhibiting calcium channels in mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a mast cell stabilizer?

Nedocromil Signup and view all the answers

How do Methylxanthines like Theophylline work to relieve bronchospasm?

By inhibiting phosphodiesterase Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is NOT listed as a condition for long-term control with Theophylline?

Allergic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

What class of drugs are used to prevent asthma attacks?

Mast cell stabilizers Signup and view all the answers

Why is Aminophylline preferred when an I.V. methylxanthine is required?

To prevent inflammatory mediator release Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antitussives are absorbed well through the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in urine?

Codeine Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of antitussive therapy?

To suppress cough without impairing evacuation of broncho-pulmonary secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antitussives are typically used to treat dry, nonproductive coughs?

Dextromethorphan Signup and view all the answers

How do CNS depressant antitussives work?

By depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which opiates are potent antitussive agents according to the text?

Morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method by which coughing can be suppressed?

By soothing irritated respiratory mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

How do corticosteroids work in the body?

By inhibiting the production of cytokines, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of administration for corticosteroids in acute asthma attacks?

Intravenous (IV) administration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inhaled corticosteroid mentioned in the text?

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

To reduce inflammation and swelling in the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

Which form of corticosteroids has a rapid onset of action?

Intravenous (IV) corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible adverse effect of corticosteroids due to their effect on other areas in the body?

Long-term adverse reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs directly act on the respiratory lining cells to increase secretory activity?

Expectorants Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of indirectly acting expectorants?

Irritate nerve endings in the stomach mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category includes medications like Phenylephrine and Oxymetazoline that constrict blood vessels in mucus membranes?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of antitussives that are centrally acting?

Depress cough center in the medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which drug category is used to counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine during allergic reactions?

Bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

What do bronchodilators like Clenbuterol and Salbutamol do?

Counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

The function of the respiratory system is not explicitly stated in the text.

Anoxia

Anoxia refers to a state of oxygen deficiency.
Intrapulmonary anoxia is typically caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract.

Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia is not explicitly defined in the text, but it refers to a state of elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

Compensatory Mechanisms

In cases of slow development of anoxia, a compensatory mechanism can be triggered, although the specific mechanism is not stated.

Chemoreceptors

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies play a role in compensatory mechanisms during anoxia.

Cromolyn Sodium

Cromolyn Sodium is a drug that prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals from mast cells.
It is considered a mast cell stabilizer.

Methylxanthines

Methylxanthines, such as Theophylline, relieve bronchospasm by increasing the concentration of cAMP, which relaxes smooth muscle.

Theophylline

Theophylline is used for long-term control of conditions such as asthma, but not for ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome).
Aminophylline is preferred when an IV methylxanthine is required.

Antitussives

Antitussives are used to relieve coughs.
The objective of antitussive therapy is to suppress coughing.
Opiates are potent antitussive agents.
CNS depressant antitussives work by reducing the sensitivity of the cough center in the brain.
Expectorants increase secretory activity in the respiratory tract.
Mucolytics break down mucus.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune response and reducing inflammation.
They are often administered through inhalation for acute asthma attacks.
The primary function of corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma is to reduce inflammation.
Corticosteroids can have a rapid onset of action in their IV form.
A possible adverse effect of corticosteroids is suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators, such as Clenbuterol and Salbutamol, relax smooth muscle in the airways, relieving bronchoconstriction.

Expectorants

Expectorants increase secretory activity in the respiratory tract.
Indirectly acting expectorants work by stimulating the vagus nerve.

Decongestants

Decongestants, such as Phenylephrine and Oxymetazoline, constrict blood vessels in mucus membranes, reducing swelling.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Montelukast and Mast Cell Stabilizers, their indications, and mechanisms of action. Understand the role of these drugs in managing allergic rhinitis and preventing asthma attacks.