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Questions and Answers
What is modular programming primarily designed to improve?
What is modular programming primarily designed to improve?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using modular programming?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using modular programming?
What components must a function declaration include?
What components must a function declaration include?
Which aspect of monolithic programming can lead to difficulties in maintenance?
Which aspect of monolithic programming can lead to difficulties in maintenance?
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What is the main purpose of a function in programming?
What is the main purpose of a function in programming?
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What are the two main parts of a function definition?
What are the two main parts of a function definition?
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How does a calling function acquire information about a called function?
How does a calling function acquire information about a called function?
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Which of the following statements characterizes monolithic programming?
Which of the following statements characterizes monolithic programming?
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What are actual arguments in a function call?
What are actual arguments in a function call?
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What is the purpose of formal arguments in a function?
What is the purpose of formal arguments in a function?
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Which statement best describes call by value?
Which statement best describes call by value?
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What happens to formal arguments when a function is called?
What happens to formal arguments when a function is called?
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How are formal arguments different from local variables?
How are formal arguments different from local variables?
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Which of the following best describes a function with arguments?
Which of the following best describes a function with arguments?
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Why would you use call by reference instead of call by value?
Why would you use call by reference instead of call by value?
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What happens to local variables created during a function call?
What happens to local variables created during a function call?
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What is a recursive function?
What is a recursive function?
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Which of the following is an advantage of using recursion?
Which of the following is an advantage of using recursion?
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What is a possible disadvantage of recursive functions?
What is a possible disadvantage of recursive functions?
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In which scenario is recursion particularly useful?
In which scenario is recursion particularly useful?
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What happens when a recursion function fails to meet its base case?
What happens when a recursion function fails to meet its base case?
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What is the correct syntax for declaring a user-defined function with no arguments and no return values?
What is the correct syntax for declaring a user-defined function with no arguments and no return values?
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In which scenario is the return type of a function optional?
In which scenario is the return type of a function optional?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of local variables in a function?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of local variables in a function?
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Which category of functions does not require any arguments and does not return a value?
Which category of functions does not require any arguments and does not return a value?
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What happens if a function is defined within another function?
What happens if a function is defined within another function?
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What is the correct declaration for a function that takes two integer arguments and returns no value?
What is the correct declaration for a function that takes two integer arguments and returns no value?
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Which function definition example properly implements a return value from a function that has no arguments?
Which function definition example properly implements a return value from a function that has no arguments?
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Which statement about user-defined functions is accurate?
Which statement about user-defined functions is accurate?
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What is the main outcome of using call by value in the swap function?
What is the main outcome of using call by value in the swap function?
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What will be the output of the swap function when using call by reference?
What will be the output of the swap function when using call by reference?
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Which of the following best describes call by reference?
Which of the following best describes call by reference?
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In the context of the provided code, which statement about the 'swap' function in call by value is true?
In the context of the provided code, which statement about the 'swap' function in call by value is true?
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What operation is performed when using the dereference operator (*) in call by reference?
What operation is performed when using the dereference operator (*) in call by reference?
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How does the address of variables get passed in call by reference?
How does the address of variables get passed in call by reference?
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What is a potential downside of using call by reference in some programming scenarios?
What is a potential downside of using call by reference in some programming scenarios?
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Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the differences between call by value and call by reference?
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the differences between call by value and call by reference?
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Study Notes
Monolithic vs Modular Programming
- Monolithic programming: A single function handles the entire program.
- Modular programming: Divides the program into modules, each independently developed and tested. Modules are linked together.
- Monolithic disadvantage: Difficult to debug and maintain large programs. Difficult to reuse code.
- Modular advantage: Easier to code and debug modules. Code is reusable, and problems are isolated to specific modules.
Functions
- A function is a group of statements that together perform a task.
- Every C program has at least one function (e.g.,
main()). - Additional functions can be added.
Function Declaration/Prototype
- Also known as a function prototype.
- Tells the computer about:
- Function name
- Number and type of arguments
- Return type
- Syntax:
return_type function_name(type1 arg1, type2 arg2);orreturn_type function_name(type1 type2); - If the called function is defined before the calling function, a declaration is not needed.
Function Definition
- Consists of the code description and code of the function.
- Two parts:
- Function header: Describes the function's inputs/outputs.
return_type function_name(type1 arg1, type2 arg2)
- Function body: Contains the code to perform the task.
{
local_variables;
statements;
return(expression);
}
User-Defined Functions
- A function declared, called, and defined by the user.
- Three parts:
- Prototype/Declaration
- Calling
- Definition
Function Categories
- Functions with no arguments and no return values.
- Functions with no arguments and a return value.
- Functions with arguments and no return values.
- Functions with arguments and a return value.
Parameter Passing Techniques (Call by Value and Call by Reference)
-
Call by value: Original value is not changed. A copy of the argument is used by the function. -
Call by reference: Original value is changed. The function receives the memory address of the argument. Any change in the function affects the original argument.
Recursion
- A function that calls itself.
- Useful for solving mathematical problems (e.g., factorial, Fibonacci sequence).
- Advantages: Maintains function calling information, evaluations can be made via recursion.
- Disadvantages: Slow due to stack overlapping, possibility of stack overflow.
Arrays
-
A data structure that holds multiple values (elements) of the same data type.
-
Allows for efficient access to data.
-
One-dimensional array: Single row of elements. Syntax:data_type array_name[size] -
Two-dimensional array: Multiple rows and columns (matrix). Syntax:data_type array_name[rowsize][columnsize] -
Initialization: Arrays can be explicitly initialized at declaration (
int marks[5]={10,2,0,23,4}).
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Description
This quiz explores the key differences between monolithic and modular programming, particularly in the context of the C programming language. It covers concepts of functions, function declarations, and their implications for code management and reuse. Test your understanding of these fundamental programming principles.
