Monolithic vs Modular Programming in C
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Questions and Answers

What is modular programming primarily designed to improve?

  • Ease of coding and debugging (correct)
  • Reduced reliance on functions
  • Simplified variable management
  • Increased execution speed

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using modular programming?

  • Code can be reused
  • Easier to maintain
  • Reduces programming size
  • Increased data processing speed (correct)

What components must a function declaration include?

  • Function parameters, logic, and code
  • Function name, parameters, and return type (correct)
  • Function logic, variable types, and return format
  • Function name, module name, and execution time

Which aspect of monolithic programming can lead to difficulties in maintenance?

<p>Large code base managed as a single unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a function in programming?

<p>To group statements that perform a specific task (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main parts of a function definition?

<p>Function header and function coding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a calling function acquire information about a called function?

<p>Via the function declaration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements characterizes monolithic programming?

<p>It consists of a single function for the entire program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are actual arguments in a function call?

<p>Values passed to the function during its call (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of formal arguments in a function?

<p>To hold values sent from the calling function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes call by value?

<p>It stores the original value in the stack memory locally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to formal arguments when a function is called?

<p>They are assigned values from actual arguments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are formal arguments different from local variables?

<p>Formal arguments are declared within parentheses, unlike local variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a function with arguments?

<p>A function that requires parameters to operate on input data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would you use call by reference instead of call by value?

<p>To allow functions to modify values of the original variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to local variables created during a function call?

<p>They are destroyed at the end of the function execution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recursive function?

<p>A function that calls itself. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using recursion?

<p>Recursion allows for stack evaluation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible disadvantage of recursive functions?

<p>They may lead to stack overflow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is recursion particularly useful?

<p>When generating Fibonacci series. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a recursion function fails to meet its base case?

<p>The function may result in a stack overflow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax for declaring a user-defined function with no arguments and no return values?

<p>void funct(void) { } (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the return type of a function optional?

<p>When the return type is omitted, it defaults to integer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of local variables in a function?

<p>Their existence is limited to the function they are declared in. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of functions does not require any arguments and does not return a value?

<p>Function with no arguments and no return values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a function is defined within another function?

<p>The inside function's scope is limited to the outside function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct declaration for a function that takes two integer arguments and returns no value?

<p>void msg(int a, int b); (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function definition example properly implements a return value from a function that has no arguments?

<p>int msg(void) { return 10; } (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about user-defined functions is accurate?

<p>User-defined functions consist of a prototype, calling, and definition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of using call by value in the swap function?

<p>It creates a copy of the variables for manipulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the swap function when using call by reference?

<p>Value of a: 200, Value of b: 100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes call by reference?

<p>It allows the function to access and modify the original arguments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the provided code, which statement about the 'swap' function in call by value is true?

<p>The swap function does not affect the values of a and b. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operation is performed when using the dereference operator (*) in call by reference?

<p>It retrieves the value stored at a specific memory address. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the address of variables get passed in call by reference?

<p>Using the &amp; operator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential downside of using call by reference in some programming scenarios?

<p>It can lead to unintended changes in the original variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the differences between call by value and call by reference?

<p>Call by reference allows permanent changes to the arguments, whereas call by value does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Monolithic Programming

A programming style where the entire program is written as a single, large function.

Modular Programming

A programming style where a program is divided into smaller, independent modules, each with a specific task.

Function

A block of code that performs a specific task.

Function Declaration (Prototype)

A statement that informs the compiler about a function's name, return type, and parameters.

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Function Definition

The actual code implementation of a function.

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Function Header

The first part of a function definition, specifying its return type, name, and parameters.

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Call by Value

A method of passing arguments to a function where a copy of the argument's value is passed.

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Call by Reference

A method of passing arguments to a function where the function receives a pointer to the original data.

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Actual Arguments

Values passed to a function when it's called.

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Formal Arguments

Variables in a function definition that hold the values from the actual arguments.

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Call by Value

Passing a copy of the argument's value to the function; changes to the argument inside the function don't affect the original.

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Function definition syntax

A function definition includes its return type, name, argument types and names, a block of local variables, statements, and a return statement containing an expression.

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Function placement

Function definitions can be placed anywhere in a program, but are typically defined after the main function.

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Local variables

Variables declared inside a function are only accessible within that function.

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Nested functions

Functions cannot be defined inside other functions.

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Return type

Specifies the data type of the value returned by a function. If omitted, the function defaults to returning an integer.

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User-defined function

A function created by the user, with parts: prototype/declaration, function calling, and function definition.

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Function categories

Functions are grouped into four categories based on whether they receive input (arguments) and if they produce output (return values).

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No arguments, no return

Functions that don't accept input and don't return a value.

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No arguments, return value

Functions that don't take input but do return a value.

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Arguments, no return

Functions that take input (arguments) and don't return a value.

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Arguments, return value

Functions that take input (arguments) and return a value.

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Recursion

A programming technique where a function calls itself within its own definition.

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Recursive Function

A function that calls itself as part of its task.

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Factorial

The product of all positive integers from 1 to a given positive integer, denoted by ! or n! (for integer n).

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Stack Overlap

Overlapping layers of function calls (during recursion) that can consume excessive memory; potentially leading to program crash.

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Stack Overflow

A condition where a program runs out of memory during recursive functions due to the stacking process.

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Fibonacci Series

A sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, usually starting with 0 and 1.

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Call by Value

A method of passing arguments to a function where a copy of the argument's value is passed; changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original argument.

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Call by Reference

A method of passing arguments to a function where the function receives the memory address of the argument; changes made to the parameter inside the function affect the original argument because they are accessing the same memory location.

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Difference Between Call by Value & Reference

Call by value creates a copy; call by reference uses the original memory address.

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Passing Arguments (Call by ...)

Method of communicating data between functions. Involves "call by value" or "call by reference".

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Impact on Original Value (Call by Value)

Changes to the function's parameters do not affect the original argument.

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Impact on Original Value (Call by Reference)

Changes to the function's parameters do affect the original argument, because the function directly accesses the original data.

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Study Notes

Monolithic vs Modular Programming

  • Monolithic programming: A single function handles the entire program.
  • Modular programming: Divides the program into modules, each independently developed and tested. Modules are linked together.
  • Monolithic disadvantage: Difficult to debug and maintain large programs. Difficult to reuse code.
  • Modular advantage: Easier to code and debug modules. Code is reusable, and problems are isolated to specific modules.

Functions

  • A function is a group of statements that together perform a task.
  • Every C program has at least one function (e.g., main()).
  • Additional functions can be added.

Function Declaration/Prototype

  • Also known as a function prototype.
  • Tells the computer about:
    • Function name
    • Number and type of arguments
    • Return type
  • Syntax: return_type function_name(type1 arg1, type2 arg2); or return_type function_name(type1 type2);
  • If the called function is defined before the calling function, a declaration is not needed.

Function Definition

  • Consists of the code description and code of the function.
  • Two parts:
    • Function header: Describes the function's inputs/outputs.
return_type function_name(type1 arg1, type2 arg2)

- Function body: Contains the code to perform the task.

{
  local_variables;
  statements;
  return(expression);
}

User-Defined Functions

  • A function declared, called, and defined by the user.
  • Three parts:
    • Prototype/Declaration
    • Calling
    • Definition

Function Categories

  • Functions with no arguments and no return values.
  • Functions with no arguments and a return value.
  • Functions with arguments and no return values.
  • Functions with arguments and a return value.

Parameter Passing Techniques (Call by Value and Call by Reference)

  • Call by value: Original value is not changed. A copy of the argument is used by the function.
  • Call by reference: Original value is changed. The function receives the memory address of the argument. Any change in the function affects the original argument.

Recursion

  • A function that calls itself.
  • Useful for solving mathematical problems (e.g., factorial, Fibonacci sequence).
  • Advantages: Maintains function calling information, evaluations can be made via recursion.
  • Disadvantages: Slow due to stack overlapping, possibility of stack overflow.

Arrays

  • A data structure that holds multiple values (elements) of the same data type.

  • Allows for efficient access to data.

  • One-dimensional array: Single row of elements. Syntax: data_type array_name[size]

  • Two-dimensional array : Multiple rows and columns (matrix). Syntax: data_type array_name[rowsize][columnsize]

  • Initialization: Arrays can be explicitly initialized at declaration (int marks[5]={10,2,0,23,4}).

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Functions in C Programming PDF

Description

This quiz explores the key differences between monolithic and modular programming, particularly in the context of the C programming language. It covers concepts of functions, function declarations, and their implications for code management and reuse. Test your understanding of these fundamental programming principles.

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