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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between monolithic programming and modular programming?
What is the primary difference between monolithic programming and modular programming?
Monolithic programming consists of a single function handling the entire program, while modular programming divides the program into separate modules for easier development and maintenance.
List two disadvantages of monolithic programming.
List two disadvantages of monolithic programming.
Two disadvantages of monolithic programming are difficulty in error checking and challenges in maintenance.
What are the three key elements included in a function declaration?
What are the three key elements included in a function declaration?
A function declaration includes the function name, the number and type of arguments it receives, and the type of value it returns.
Explain the purpose of a function header in a function definition.
Explain the purpose of a function header in a function definition.
What is one advantage of using modular programming?
What is one advantage of using modular programming?
In the context of functions, what is the difference between 'call by value' and 'call by reference'?
In the context of functions, what is the difference between 'call by value' and 'call by reference'?
Why is it easier to debug modular programs compared to monolithic programs?
Why is it easier to debug modular programs compared to monolithic programs?
What are the two main parts of a function definition?
What are the two main parts of a function definition?
What is the general placement of a function definition in a program?
What is the general placement of a function definition in a program?
What is a user-defined function?
What is a user-defined function?
Describe a function with no arguments and no return values.
Describe a function with no arguments and no return values.
Explain the significance of the return type in a function.
Explain the significance of the return type in a function.
Can local variables in a function be accessed outside of that function?
Can local variables in a function be accessed outside of that function?
What are the four main categories of functions?
What are the four main categories of functions?
What will happen if a return type is omitted in function definition?
What will happen if a return type is omitted in function definition?
What does a function with arguments and a return value do?
What does a function with arguments and a return value do?
What is the difference between actual arguments and formal arguments in a function call?
What is the difference between actual arguments and formal arguments in a function call?
In C, how are formal arguments initialized when a function is called?
In C, how are formal arguments initialized when a function is called?
Explain the concept of call by value in C language.
Explain the concept of call by value in C language.
What happens to formal arguments when a function call begins in C?
What happens to formal arguments when a function call begins in C?
Can a local variable and a formal argument have the same name in a C function?
Can a local variable and a formal argument have the same name in a C function?
Describe the consequence of modifying a formal argument in a function using call by value.
Describe the consequence of modifying a formal argument in a function using call by value.
Why is it significant that formal arguments are initialized automatically in C?
Why is it significant that formal arguments are initialized automatically in C?
What memory location is used for storing parameters in call by value?
What memory location is used for storing parameters in call by value?
What is recursion, and how does it differ from a standard function call?
What is recursion, and how does it differ from a standard function call?
List two advantages of using recursive functions.
List two advantages of using recursive functions.
What are the primary disadvantages of recursion?
What are the primary disadvantages of recursion?
Describe how recursion can be used to calculate the factorial of a number.
Describe how recursion can be used to calculate the factorial of a number.
What potential issue might arise from improperly defined recursive functions?
What potential issue might arise from improperly defined recursive functions?
What is the main difference between call by value and call by reference in C?
What is the main difference between call by value and call by reference in C?
In the function swap(int a, int b)
, what happens to the values of a
and b
after invoking the function?
In the function swap(int a, int b)
, what happens to the values of a
and b
after invoking the function?
Explain how the swap(int *a, int *b)
function modifies the values it operates on.
Explain how the swap(int *a, int *b)
function modifies the values it operates on.
What will the output be if swap(a, b)
is called in the main function with a = 100
and b = 200
?
What will the output be if swap(a, b)
is called in the main function with a = 100
and b = 200
?
How does the main
function differ in the two examples provided?
How does the main
function differ in the two examples provided?
What is the role of the temp
variable in both swap
functions?
What is the role of the temp
variable in both swap
functions?
What would happen if you called swap(&a, &b)
in the first example?
What would happen if you called swap(&a, &b)
in the first example?
Why is call by reference often preferred in certain situations?
Why is call by reference often preferred in certain situations?
Flashcards
Monolithic Programming
Monolithic Programming
A programming style where the entire program is written as a single, large function.
Modular Programming
Modular Programming
Dividing a program into smaller, independent modules that can be developed and tested separately.
Function
Function
A block of code that performs a specific task.
Function Declaration/Prototype
Function Declaration/Prototype
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Function Definition
Function Definition
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Function Definition
Function Definition
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Local Variable
Local Variable
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Function Prototype/Declaration
Function Prototype/Declaration
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Function Call
Function Call
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Return Type
Return Type
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Function with no arguments
Function with no arguments
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Function with no return value
Function with no return value
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Function with arguments
Function with arguments
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Function with return value
Function with return value
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Actual Argument
Actual Argument
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Formal Argument
Formal Argument
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Call by Value
Call by Value
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Parameter Passing
Parameter Passing
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Recursion
Recursion
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Recursive Function
Recursive Function
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Factorial
Factorial
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Stack Overflow
Stack Overflow
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Stack Evaluation
Stack Evaluation
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Call by Value
Call by Value
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Call by Reference
Call by Reference
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Swap Function Output (Call by Value)
Swap Function Output (Call by Value)
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Swap Function Output (Call by Reference)
Swap Function Output (Call by Reference)
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Difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference
Difference between Call by Value and Call by Reference
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Study Notes
Monolithic vs Modular Programming
- Monolithic programming uses a single function for the entire program.
- Modular programming divides the program into modules, each developed and tested separately. The linker combines these modules into the complete program.
- Monolithic programming is less manageable as the program grows, while modular code is easier to correct, debug, reuse and maintain.
Functions
- A function is a block of statements that performs a specific task.
- Every C program has at least one function, typically
main()
. - Additional functions can be defined to break down complex tasks.
Function Declaration/Prototype
- Function prototypes specify the function name, parameter types, and return type.
- They tell the compiler about the function's signature, allowing the compiler to validate calls.
- Not needed if the called function is defined before the calling function.
Function Definition
- Function definitions contain the code that executes when the function is called.
- It has a header with the return type, name, parameters, and a function body.
Function Categories
- Functions can be categorized by whether they take arguments and their return values:
- No arguments, no return value
- No arguments, return value
- Arguments, no return value
- Arguments, return value
Passing Parameters
- Call by value: The function receives a copy of the argument's value. Changes to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original variable.
- Call by reference: The function receives the address of the argument. Changes to the parameter inside the function affect the original variable.
Recursion
- Recursion is when a function calls itself.
- It's often used for tasks like calculating factorials or generating Fibonacci sequences.
- Recursion can be less efficient than iterative approaches due to function call overhead.
Arrays
- Arrays are data structures that store a collection of variables of the same type.
- Individual elements are accessed using an index.
- Arrays can be one or multi-dimensional.
- Arrays can be passed as arguments to functions, though usually just the data within the array elements.
Array Initialization
- Arrays can be initialized during declaration with a list of values.
Array Processing
- Loops are commonly used to process each element of an array
Two-Dimensional Arrays
- Two-dimensional arrays are used to represent data in tables or matrices.
- They are declared using two indices—rows and columns.
Matrix Operations (Addition, Multiplication etc)
- Matrix operations (e.g., addition, multiplication) require careful handling of dimensions to ensure proper results.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of C programming, focusing on the differences between monolithic and modular programming. Additionally, it delves into functions, their declarations, and definitions to enhance understanding of program structure. Test your knowledge on function usage and best practices in modular design.