Molecular Biology and Characteristics of Living Organisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula to calculate the density of an object?

  • density = mass / volume (correct)
  • density = volume / mass
  • density = mass × volume
  • density = volume - mass

    • What is the unit of measurement for density in standard units?

  • grams per millimeter
  • grams per cubic meter
  • kilograms per cubic meter (correct)
  • kilograms per cubic centimeter

    • What is the purpose of the scientific method?

  • To develop new hypotheses
  • To offer explanations and answer questions about the world (correct)
  • To disprove existing theories
  • To provide answers to everyday questions

    • Why does the density of an object not change with the amount of the object present?

    <p>because the ratio of mass to volume remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the density of an object is less than the density of a fluid?

    <p>The object's buoyant force will be greater than the force of gravity and will float</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to find the volume of an irregular shaped solid?

    <p>water displacement method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific theory?

    <p>A hypothesis that is widely supported by empirical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by a fluid on an object that causes it to float or sink?

    <p>buoyant force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peer review in the scientific method?

    <p>To evaluate the work of other scientists and determine validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of atoms required to form a molecule?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that states the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced?

    <p>Archimedes' Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

    <p>Accuracy refers to how close data is to the true value, while precision refers to how consistent the data is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

    <p>Has a fixed shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the buoyant force calculated?

    <p>by multiplying the density of the fluid by the volume of the fluid displaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The variable being changed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an object will sink or float?

    <p>the density of the object compared to the density of the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experimental design?

    <p>To provide data to support or refute a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of human body weight comprised of proteins?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of biases in an experiment?

    <p>Invalid data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of a water molecule?

    <p>0.27 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the density of an object is greater than the density of the fluid, what will happen to the object?

    <p>it will sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

    <p>9.8 m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of replication in the scientific method?

    <p>To confirm the results and increase confidence in the findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nanometers and angstroms not always reliable measurement units?

    <p>Because molecules are often irregular shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of each atom within a molecule known as?

    <p>Molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of background research in the scientific method?

    <p>To provide information about the experiment's subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is density a measurement of?

    <p>How compact something is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do clouds float at different altitudes?

    <p>Because of density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a very dense material?

    <p>Lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is generally true about the density of solids, liquids, and gases?

    <p>Solids are more dense than liquids, and liquids are more dense than gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the upward buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid?

    <p>The fluid pressure is greater on the bottom of the object than the top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines whether an object will sink or float in a fluid?

    <p>The density of the object compared to the fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the fluid pressure as an object is submerged deeper into a fluid?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an object to float when submerged in a fluid?

    <p>Buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an object's density being greater than the density of the fluid it is in?

    <p>The object will sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the density of an object?

    <p>To describe the amount of mass confined within a specific volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

    <p>meters per second squared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to calculate the volume of a regular shaped solid?

    <p>Multiplying the length, width, and height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the density of an object and its volume?

    <p>The density of an object is inversely proportional to its volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force exerted on an object by a fluid?

    <p>Fluid pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of molecules that make up all living and non-living things?

    <p>They are all chemically bonded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are molecules measured in nanometers and angstroms?

    <p>Because they are too small to be seen with the naked eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of water in living organisms?

    <p>It is a common molecule found in all living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of molecules being squeezed into a small space?

    <p>The density increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of solids, liquids, and gases?

    <p>Solids are more dense than liquids, and liquids are more dense than gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of molecular weight in measuring the size of molecules?

    <p>It is the sum of each atom within the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lead, gold, brass, and rocks such as granite?

    <p>They are all very dense materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the four macromolecules in living organisms?

    <p>They are the building blocks of all living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of proteins in the human body?

    <p>They are the largest macromolecule in the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nanometers and angstroms not always reliable measurement units?

    <p>Because molecules are often irregular shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the scientific method?

    <p>To answer questions about the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is the variable being changed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of empirical data?

    <p>Information obtained through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

    <p>Accuracy refers to how close to the correct value, while precision refers to how close together the data points are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experimental design?

    <p>To provide a procedure for conducting an experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of biases in an experiment?

    <p>The experiment is invalid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is the variable being measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of replication in the scientific method?

    <p>It is used to support or refute a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a scientific theory?

    <p>A hypothesis that is widely supported by empirical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Molecules and Living Things

    • Molecules are made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded and are the building blocks of living and nonliving things.
    • There are different types of molecules, including homonuclear diatomic molecules (e.g., O2) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules (e.g., NaCl).
    • Carbon is a common organic molecule found in all living things.
    • To be considered a living organism, an entity must meet eight criteria, including growing and developing, evolving, responding to the environment, being made of cells, reproducing, having a genetic code, maintaining homeostasis, and obtaining and using energy.
    • The four macromolecules essential for life are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
    • Proteins are the largest macromolecule and make up about 20% of human body weight.
    • Water is a common molecule found in all living organisms and is only 0.27 nanometers wide.

    Measuring Molecules

    • Measuring molecules can be tricky, and there are several different approaches.
    • Nanometers and angstroms are metric units used to measure molecules, with one nanometer equal to one-billionth of a meter.
    • Molecular weight is a common way to measure the size of molecules, calculated by summing the atomic weights of each atom in the molecule.

    Density

    • Density is a measurement of how compact something is, with more material or molecules squeezed into a space making it denser.
    • Density affects everyday life, including how clouds float at different altitudes, why objects float or sink in water, and how gases move in the atmosphere.
    • Examples of dense materials include lead, gold, brass, most metals, and rocks like granite.
    • Typically, solids are denser than liquids, and liquids are denser than gases.
    • Density can be calculated using the equation density = mass / volume.

    Buoyancy

    • Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float when submerged in a fluid.
    • An object experiences a force from the fluid called fluid pressure, which increases with depth and creates an upward buoyant force.
    • Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
    • The buoyant force can be calculated using the variables density, volume, and acceleration due to gravity.

    Scientific Method

    • The scientific method is a series of steps used by scientists to answer questions about the world.
    • The steps include coming up with a question, conducting background research, creating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, analyzing data, forming a conclusion, and peer review.
    • Biases can impact the validity of an experiment if they affect the way a scientist follows the procedure.
    • Experiments that follow the scientific method can be replicated and may become a theory if supported enough times.

    Experimental Design

    • The experimental design is an invaluable process in the scientific community to provide data to support or refute a hypothesis.
    • The five steps of the experimental design are defining variables, formulating hypotheses, creating an experimental design process, assigning subjects, and measuring the dependent variable.

    Science Experiments

    • A science experiment is a way of figuring out the structure and behavior of the world using a systematic method.
    • In an experiment, one variable (the independent variable) is changed, and its effect on another variable (the dependent variable) is measured.
    • Everything else must be kept the same to ensure a fair test.
    • The accuracy of data refers to how close it is to being correct, while the reproducibility (or precision) of data refers to how close together the measurements are.

    Molecules and Living Things

    • Molecules are made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded and are the building blocks of living and nonliving things.
    • There are different types of molecules, including homonuclear diatomic molecules (e.g., O2) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules (e.g., NaCl).
    • Carbon is a common organic molecule found in all living things.
    • To be considered a living organism, an entity must meet eight criteria, including growing and developing, evolving, responding to the environment, being made of cells, reproducing, having a genetic code, maintaining homeostasis, and obtaining and using energy.
    • The four macromolecules essential for life are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
    • Proteins are the largest macromolecule and make up about 20% of human body weight.
    • Water is a common molecule found in all living organisms and is only 0.27 nanometers wide.

    Measuring Molecules

    • Measuring molecules can be tricky, and there are several different approaches.
    • Nanometers and angstroms are metric units used to measure molecules, with one nanometer equal to one-billionth of a meter.
    • Molecular weight is a common way to measure the size of molecules, calculated by summing the atomic weights of each atom in the molecule.

    Density

    • Density is a measurement of how compact something is, with more material or molecules squeezed into a space making it denser.
    • Density affects everyday life, including how clouds float at different altitudes, why objects float or sink in water, and how gases move in the atmosphere.
    • Examples of dense materials include lead, gold, brass, most metals, and rocks like granite.
    • Typically, solids are denser than liquids, and liquids are denser than gases.
    • Density can be calculated using the equation density = mass / volume.

    Buoyancy

    • Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float when submerged in a fluid.
    • An object experiences a force from the fluid called fluid pressure, which increases with depth and creates an upward buoyant force.
    • Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
    • The buoyant force can be calculated using the variables density, volume, and acceleration due to gravity.

    Scientific Method

    • The scientific method is a series of steps used by scientists to answer questions about the world.
    • The steps include coming up with a question, conducting background research, creating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment, analyzing data, forming a conclusion, and peer review.
    • Biases can impact the validity of an experiment if they affect the way a scientist follows the procedure.
    • Experiments that follow the scientific method can be replicated and may become a theory if supported enough times.

    Experimental Design

    • The experimental design is an invaluable process in the scientific community to provide data to support or refute a hypothesis.
    • The five steps of the experimental design are defining variables, formulating hypotheses, creating an experimental design process, assigning subjects, and measuring the dependent variable.

    Science Experiments

    • A science experiment is a way of figuring out the structure and behavior of the world using a systematic method.
    • In an experiment, one variable (the independent variable) is changed, and its effect on another variable (the dependent variable) is measured.
    • Everything else must be kept the same to ensure a fair test.
    • The accuracy of data refers to how close it is to being correct, while the reproducibility (or precision) of data refers to how close together the measurements are.

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    Learn about the composition of molecules, types of diatomic molecules, and the eight criteria that define a living organism.

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