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Questions and Answers
What was Antonio Pigafetta's primary contribution to history?
Which battle did Antonio Pigafetta get wounded in during the expedition?
What year did Antonio Pigafetta return to Spain after the voyage?
What did Pigafetta hope to achieve by presenting his account to Pope Clement VII and others?
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Which of the following languages was NOT used in the various copies of Pigafetta's manuscript?
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Where are two copies of Pigafetta's manuscripts kept?
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What challenge did Pigafetta face concerning his original journal?
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Which ship was NOT part of the Magellan expedition?
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What was one of the significant challenges faced by the crew during the expedition?
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Which title is associated with the published English version of Pigafetta's account?
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Who assisted Pigafetta in gathering information about the local peoples?
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Which of these Asian products was considered the most valuable among Europeans?
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What did many merchants aspire to achieve regarding spices?
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What motivated the establishment of a maritime school during the era?
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Which trade route was NOT mentioned as a means through which Asian goods reached Europe?
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What type of conditions did Pigafetta's writings reveal about the islands in the Visayas region during the 16th century?
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What motivated other monarchs to search for a new trade route to Asia during the time of the Spice Trade?
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Which historical event contributed significantly to the rise of Spain as a world power?
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What was the primary objective of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition?
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Which of the following was NOT a result of Christopher Columbus's voyages?
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How many ships from the Magellan-Elcano expedition successfully reached the Philippines?
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Which country financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus?
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What was one of the challenges faced by the Magellan-Elcano expedition?
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In which year did the Magellan-Elcano expedition set sail?
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Who was the chieftain of Mactan that refused to trade with the Spaniards?
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What was the fate of the Trinidad during the expedition?
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Which ship completed the expedition and returned to Spain?
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Which of the following captains was executed?
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Who commanded the ship Victoria upon its return to Spain?
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What event prompted the Spaniards to leave the island of Cebu?
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What was the primary reason for Lapu-Lapu's conflict with Magellan?
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How many survivors of Magellan's expedition returned to Spain on the Victoria?
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Study Notes
Antonio Pigafetta
- Born around 1490 in Vicenza, Venice, Italy, he was the eldest son of Giovanni Pigafetta and Angela Zoga.
- Studied astronomy, geography, and cartography; worked on ships owned by the Knights of Rhodes.
- In 1519, became involved with the lucrative spice trade and joined Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition.
Magellan's Expedition
- Survived numerous challenges during the voyage, including his injury in the Battle of Mactan.
- Part of the 18 survivors who returned to Spain on September 6, 1522, aboard the Victoria with Juan Sebastian Elcano.
- Reported to King Carlos V, presenting a handwritten account of the journey upon returning to Italy.
The Journal
- Kept a detailed journal from Seville in 1519 until their return in 1522.
- Intended to publish a formal account but could not find a financier, leading to the survival of only manuscript copies.
- Original journal lost; remaining copies include three in French and others in mixed languages, with one English version published in 1819.
Primary Source of Magellan's Expedition
- Pigafetta's account is the most comprehensive of the four primary sources regarding the expedition.
- Detailed the fates of the five ships: Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria.
- Narrated the crew's experiences with food shortages, diseases, challenges to leadership, and local hostility.
Cultural Insights
- Provided insights into the 16th-century political, economic, and social conditions of the Visayas region.
- Described the physical appearance, social life, religious beliefs, and cultural practices of the indigenous peoples encountered.
- Offered data on local economic activities and goods available for trade, facilitated by Magellan's slave/interpreter, Enrique de Malacca.
Economic Context
- Europeans discovered various products via the Crusades, including spices, silk, and perfumes, which were in high demand.
- Spices, especially, became a lucrative commodity for preserving food, enhancing flavor, and medicinal uses.
- Merchants sought to monopolize the supply and distribution of spices within European markets.
Exploration Motivations
- The closure of land routes for spice trade prompted the search for new maritime routes as modeled by Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal.
- Inspired by Portugal's successes, Spain sought to explore economic options beyond the Iberian Peninsula, leading to support for Columbus's voyages.
- The Magellan-Elcano expedition aimed to find a new maritime path to the Spice Islands without violating the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Expedition Challenges
- The expedition left Seville on August 20, 1519, with 270 men, facing natural and man-made challenges.
- Only three out of five ships reached the Philippines; local inhabitants initially engaged in trade and some converted to Christianity.
- Conflict arose with Lapu-Lapu, chieftain of Mactan, resulting in Magellan's death after losing the battle despite their superior weaponry.
Ships of the Expedition
- Victoria: Captained by Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa, 85 tons, 42 crew members, only ship to complete the voyage.
- Trinidad: Flagship under Juan de Cartagena, 110 tons, 55 crew, captured by Portuguese.
- San Antonio: Captained by Luis de Mendoza, 120 tons, 60 crew, abandoned expedition.
- Concepcion: Captain Gaspar de Quesada, 90 tons, 45 crew, damaged and burned.
- Santiago: Under Juan Serrano, 75 tons, 32 crew, lost at sea.
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Description
Dive into the contextual analysis of primary sources related to Ferdinand Magellan's first voyage around the world. This quiz examines significant historical details and the implications of his explorations. Test your knowledge on the life of Magellan and the journey that changed global navigation.
