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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with leading the expedition?
Which country's coastline did the expedition explore by visiting Rio de Janeiro and Cape St.?
How were the children of a maharlika and an alipin divided?
Who is responsible for announcing laws and creating laws among the Tagalog nobles?
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What are the reasons mentioned in the text for someone to become a slave?
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In Tagalog society, which social class doesn't pay taxes?
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What criteria were used to determine who would ascend to the throne if a Datu or Chief died without a male heir?
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During the pre-colonial era, what did the document suggest about the governance and independence of the country?
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What is the main goal of the Katipunan organization?
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Which class in the Katipunan organization required passing the 'Gomburza' initiation?
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What was the role of Marina Dizon in the Katipunan?
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What was the significance of 'Sonat' in the described beliefs and practices?
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Which class in the Katipunan organization was exclusive for men only?
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What was the common manner of burying chiefs or datu in the described culture?
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Who was assassinated, which ignited the fire to Ferdinand Marcos Sr.'s position?
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What was the name of the group that originally inhabited the Tongkil island group?
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What did the Muslims do to their victims during slave raiding?
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What was the purpose of the Spaniards building the Fort Pilar?
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Which two main kingdoms controlled the Muslim colonies of the Southern Philippines?
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On what date did the Muslims attack the Fort Pilar?
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Who studied arts in UP school of Fine Arts and took a Masteral degree in Academia de San Fernando, Madrid Spain?
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In which year did Juan Luna's painting 'Spoliarium' win a first-class medal in the Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts?
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What is the dark and tragic meaning represented in Juan Luna's painting 'Spoliarium'?
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Which of the following paintings by Juan Luna depicts a disturbed state during the Spanish Revolution in 1892?
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Where was 'Spoliarium' initially bought for 20,000 pesetas?
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What did Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto paint that became famous and made it into posters and tourist brochures?
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Study Notes
Magellan's Expedition
- May 1, 1521: Massacre of Europeans in the Island of Cebu
- October 28, 1521: Left the Philippine Island for the Maluku
- November 8, 1521: Arrival in Moluccas
- September 6, 1522: End of the Voyage
Importance of the Document
- Helps Filipinos understand what happened in the past
- Proves the rich governance and independence of the Philippines in the pre-colonial era
- Importance of geography: the world is round
Customs of Tagalogs
- If a maharlika married an alipin, their children are divided according to odd and even numbers
- If a Datu or Chief dies without a male heir, a daughter can take over, but must be examined based on strength, wisdom, and wealth
- Social classes:
- Nobles: Datu or chief
- Freemen/freeborn: Maharlikas
- Dependents: Alipins or Saguiguilid
- Council of Elders: Advisers of Datu
Practices of Laws of Barangays
- Reasons to become a slave:
- Inheritance
- Captivity in war
- Debt or inability to pay debt
- Others
Filipino Artists
- Juan Luna y Novicio Ancheta: famous for his painting "Spoliarium"
- Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto: studied arts in UP and Madrid, set up his own studio in Manila, and created famous works like "Rice Planting"
Historical Background
- Spoliarium: a deep, dark, and tragic painting that symbolizes the Filipino people being dragged by Spanish rule
- Juan Luna's works:
- Parisian Life (Interior d'un Cafi)
- Espana y Filipinas
- Diaries of Juan Luna: survived in 4 manuscript versions (1 in Italian and 3 in French)
Expedition Members
- Ferdinand Magellan, Francisco Antonio Pigafetta, Juan de Cartegaño, and others
- A total of 225 people on the ship
Countries Explored
- Uruguay: Rio de Plata
- Africa: Cape of Good Hope, Santiago, and Cape Verde
- Argentina: San Matias Gulf, Puerto San Julian, and Rio Sta. Cruz
- Brazil: Rio de Janeiro and Cape St. When
Corazon Aquino
- Became the representative of the people against Ferdinand Marcos Sr. after Benigno Aquino Jr.'s assassination
- Won the snap election and became the leader of the Philippines
Muslim Raiders
- Samal Balanguingui: a raiding group that originally inhabited the Tongkil island group
- Slave raiding: a practice of capturing people to make them slaves, illegal at the time
Muslims and Spaniards Conflict
- The Spanish built Fort Pilar to defend themselves from Muslim attacks
- Fort del Pilar: the frontline of the Spanish and an important sea route between the Northern and Southern regions of the Philippines
- Rajah Dalasi: planned to attack Zamboanga City with the joint force of the Sulu Sultanate
Supernatural Creatures
- Silagan: anyone clothed with white, they tear it out and eat their flesh
- Magtatangal: showing its half body parts to everyone
- Osuang: a sorcerer, they saw it flying, murdered men and ate their flesh
- Mangangayoma: made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and woods
- Sonat: a preacher, helped one to die
- Pangatahojan: predicted the future
- Bayoguin: nature inclined towards that of a woman
Manner of Burying
- If a chief or a datu dies, a house or porch is built for the purpose of burying him beneath it
- They will mourn for 4 days and lay him on a boat which serves as a coffin or bier, where a guard has kept him over by a slave
Kartilya ng Katipunan
- A secret organization of the whole Philippines
- Founded by Filipino Anti-Spanish people in Manila in 1892
- Aims to gain independence from Spain through revolution
- Has initiation rites to be a member
- Initially exclusive for men only, later accepted women members
- Women of the Katipunan:
- Marina Dizon: one of the first women to join the Katipunan in July 1893
- Reminded women to be brave and to carry on
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Description
Test your knowledge about the members who joined Ferdinand Magellan's expedition. Learn about the individuals who took part in this historic journey, including Francisco Antonio Pigafetta and Juan Sebastian de Elcano. Explore the diverse group of people involved in the expedition.
