Podcast
Questions and Answers
-match the following terms with their descriptions:
-match the following terms with their descriptions:
Marker-Assisted Selection = Метод, який використовує молекулярні маркери для непрямого відбору заpecificних ознак Genomic Selection = Метод, який використовує увесь геном для відбору особин з бажаними ознаками High-Throughput DNA Sequencing = Технологія, яка дозволяє швидко секвенувати увесь геном Artificial Intelligence in Breeding = Метод, який використовує алгоритми машинного навчання для аналізу геномних даних
Match the following technologies with their applications in plant breeding:
Match the following technologies with their applications in plant breeding:
DNA sequencing = Визначення генетичних маркерів, асоційованих з конкретними ознаками Marker-Assisted Selection = Відбір рослин з бажаними ознаками на основі генетичних маркерів Artificial Intelligence = Аналіз геномних даних для передбачення продуктивності рослин Genomic Selection = Відбір рослин на основі увесь геном, а не лише генетичних маркерів
Match the following advantages with the corresponding breeding methods:
Match the following advantages with the corresponding breeding methods:
Фaster and more cost-effective = Геномний відбір More accurate predictions = Машинне навчання в селекції Identification of genetic markers associated with specific traits = Маркер-асистований відбір Ability to analyze vast amounts of genomic data = Високопродуктивне секвенування ДНК
Match the following limitations with the corresponding breeding methods:
Match the following limitations with the corresponding breeding methods:
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Match the following terms with the corresponding benefits in plant breeding:
Match the following terms with the corresponding benefits in plant breeding:
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Study Notes
A Modern Approach to Plant Breeding: Genomic Selection and Marker-Assisted Selection
Plant breeding has been a critical component of agricultural productivity and food security for decades, with traditional breeding methods relying on phenotypic selection (PS) and marker-assisted breeding (MAB) approaches. However, the emergence of genomic selection (GS) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) has revolutionized the field, providing new opportunities for crop improvement.
Genomic Selection and Genetic Markers
Genomic selection is a modern breeding approach that utilizes a large set of genetic markers distributed across the whole genome to estimate the genetic worth of an individual. Developed by Meuwissen et al. (2001), GS has become increasingly popular in both animals and plants due to its ability to predict complex traits with high accuracy. GS builds on the practice of genetic evaluation by estimating a breeding value, a prediction of an animal or plant's trait values, based on measurements and information from the individual and its relatives.
Genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are critical components of genomic selection. They provide a snapshot of the genetic makeup of a plant or animal, allowing researchers to identify the genetic variants associated with desired traits. The use of genomic selection enables a more accurate prediction of breeding values, which in turn allows for more effective selection of individuals for breeding programs.
DNA Sequencing and Genomic Selection
The advancement of high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technology has played a crucial role in the widespread adoption of genomic selection. HTS has made it possible to sequence the entire genome of a plant or animal, providing a wealth of genetic information that can be used to identify the genetic markers associated with specific traits. This has significantly reduced the cost and time associated with marker discovery, making genomic selection a more feasible and cost-effective approach for both model and non-model crop species.
Marker-Assisted Selection
Marker-assisted selection is an earlier form of molecular-based breeding that involves the use of molecular markers to indirectly select for specific traits. MAS is particularly useful for traits that are controlled by a limited number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with major effects, but it can be less effective for complex quantitative traits with many minor QTLs.
Artificial Intelligence in Breeding
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms into breeding programs has further enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of genomic selection and marker-assisted selection. AI and ML models can analyze vast amounts of genomic data and phenotypic information to identify the genetic markers most strongly associated with specific traits. These models can then be used to predict the performance of individual plants, enabling breeders to make more informed decisions about which plants to include in their breeding programs.
In conclusion, modern plant breeding has transitioned from traditional phenotypic selection to more advanced molecular-based breeding methods, such as genomic selection and marker-assisted selection. The integration of high-throughput DNA sequencing, genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, and artificial intelligence has allowed for more accurate and efficient breeding programs, ultimately leading to the development of higher-yielding, disease-resistant, and more sustainable crop varieties.
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Description
Discover the latest advancements in plant breeding, including genomic selection and marker-assisted selection, and how they are revolutionizing the field of agriculture. Learn about the role of genetic markers, DNA sequencing, and artificial intelligence in modern breeding programs.