Models of Communication Quiz

 Models of Communication

• Berlo’s SMCR Model: David Berlo (1949) proposed the source-message-channel-receiver (SMCR) model of communication. It emphasizes the sender's attitudes and knowledge, the message content and treatment, the channel through which the message is sent (primarily the senses), and the receiver's attitudes and knowledge.
• Transactional Model: This model emphasizes two-way communication, highlighting interpersonal communication. It includes elements like encoding, decoding, feedback, and context.
• Shannon-Weaver Model: Developed by Warren Weaver and Claude Shannon (1948), this model focuses on the telephone exchange and the concept of noise, which can disrupt communication. The model involves the information source, transmitter, receiver, destination, and feedback.
• Barlund’s Model: Dean Barlund (1970) proposed a circular, multi-layered feedback system model. It consists of the person, decoding, encoding, and message (M).
• Linear Communication: This model depicts communication as a one-way process, with the sender encoding a message that is then decoded by the receiver. It includes elements such as channel and noise.
• Lasswell's Model: Harold D. Lasswell (1948) presented one of the most influential communication models. It focuses on five key elements: Who (sender), Says What (message), Channel (medium), To Whom (receiver), and With What Effect (feedback).
• Aristotle’s Model: This early linear model, considered the first, emphasizes four elements: Speaker, Message, Audience, and Effect.
• Scramms Model: William Schramm (father of mass communication) included field experience as an influence on the understanding of the message.
• Eugene’s Model: This model is circular, representing communication as continuous with no beginning or end.

Functions of Communication

• Control: Communication can be used to influence and regulate behavior.
• Social Interaction: Communication facilitates interaction between individuals.
• Motivation: Communication inspires and encourages individuals.
• Emotional Expression: Communication allows individuals to convey their feelings and emotions.
• Information Dissemination: Communication serves to share and spread information.

Types of Communication

According to Mode

• Verbal Communication: Communication through spoken or written language.
• Nonverbal Communication: Communication through gestures, body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal cues.

According to Purpose

• Purposive Communication: Communication with a specific objective or goal.

Cultural Communication

• Cultural Diversity: Societies with a wide range of cultures and ethnic groups.
• Intercultural Communication: Effective communication between individuals with different backgrounds.
• High-Context Culture: Communication embedded in context, often indirect.
• Low-Context Culture: Communication focused on explicit information, often direct.

Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity

• Cultural Awareness: Understanding and respecting the differences in cultures.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Demonstrating awareness of cultural differences and adapting communication accordingly.

Language Variety

• Dialect: Regional, social, or ethnic variations in language.
• Accent: The pronunciation of words by individuals or groups.
• Creole: A language developed from a pidgin, often becoming the native language of a community.
• Pidgin: A simplified language developed for communication between speakers of different languages.

Language Registers

• Formal: Communication used in formal settings like business presentations.
• Informal: Communication used in casual interactions with friends and family.
• Frozen: Communication in fixed form, like prayers or legal documents.
• Consultative: Communication where one person offers advice.
• Intimate: Communication between those in close relationships.

British English vs. American English

• British English and American English are two major variations of the English language.
• Both are mutually intelligible, but there are some differences in pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary.
• The differences often reflect geographical, historical, and cultural influences.

Additional Notes

• Culture Shock: The feeling of unfamiliarity and discomfort when encountering a new culture.
• Prejudice: Unfair or biased thinking about individuals based on their race, age, gender, or other characteristics.

Impact of Technology on Communication

• Information Access: Technology provides access to a vast amount of information, contributing to a more informed society.
• Connection: Technology allows individuals to stay connected with friends and family, regardless of geographical location.
• Community Building: Online platforms create opportunities for individuals with shared interests to connect.
• Cultural Exchange: Technology facilitates the exchange of ideas and experiences between people from different cultures.
• Social Isolation: Technology can also contribute to social isolation if used excessively.
• Virtual Reality: Technology allows individuals to create virtual identities, blurring the lines between the real and the virtual world.

English as a Second/Foreign Language

• English as a Second Language (ESL): English is learned by individuals for whom it is not their native language, but is used in their current environment or society.
• English as a Foreign Language (EFL): English is learned by individuals for whom it is not their native language and is typically used for travel, study, or work.

Local & Global Communication in Multicultural Settings

• Multiculturalism: The presence of multiple cultures in a society.
• Inter-racial Communication: Communication between individuals of different races.
• Inter-ethnic Communication: Communication between individuals of different ethnic groups.
• International Communication: Communication between individuals from different nations.
• Intra-cultural Communication: Communication within a specific racial or ethnic group.

Test your knowledge on various models of communication including Berlo’s SMCR Model, the Transactional Model, and the Shannon-Weaver Model. This quiz covers the key concepts, components, and importance of each model in understanding effective communication.