Podcast
Questions and Answers
What types of cells undergo mitosis?
What types of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells
Why do cells undergo mitosis?
Why do cells undergo mitosis?
Cells undergo mitosis to replace old cells, repair damaged tissues, and for the growth of an organism.
How many cells are produced through the process of mitosis?
How many cells are produced through the process of mitosis?
Two cells
How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell in mitosis?
How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell in mitosis?
If a parent cell has 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should be in each of the daughter cells after mitosis?
If a parent cell has 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes should be in each of the daughter cells after mitosis?
If there are 20 chromosomes in a monkey's body cells, how many chromosomes should be in a monkey's gametes cell?
If there are 20 chromosomes in a monkey's body cells, how many chromosomes should be in a monkey's gametes cell?
What types of cells undergo meiosis?
What types of cells undergo meiosis?
Why do cells undergo meiosis?
Why do cells undergo meiosis?
How many cells are produced through the process of meiosis?
How many cells are produced through the process of meiosis?
How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell in meiosis?
How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell in meiosis?
What are the two types of sex cells?
What are the two types of sex cells?
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, what is created?
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, what is created?
What does it mean if a cell is haploid?
What does it mean if a cell is haploid?
What does it mean if a cell is diploid?
What does it mean if a cell is diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
Are sex cells haploid or diploid?
Are sex cells haploid or diploid?
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
What type of macromolecule is DNA considered?
What type of macromolecule is DNA considered?
What monomer helps to create the polymer DNA?
What monomer helps to create the polymer DNA?
What are the three components of DNA?
What are the three components of DNA?
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA called?
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA called?
What type of bond forms between the complimentary base pairs?
What type of bond forms between the complimentary base pairs?
What is found on the 'backbone' of DNA?
What is found on the 'backbone' of DNA?
What is found on the 'rungs' of DNA?
What is found on the 'rungs' of DNA?
Describe the molecular structure of DNA.
Describe the molecular structure of DNA.
What type of replication does DNA undergo? What does that mean?
What type of replication does DNA undergo? What does that mean?
What is the central dogma of biology?
What is the central dogma of biology?
Where is genetic information stored in eukaryotic cells?
Where is genetic information stored in eukaryotic cells?
What is a gene?
What is a gene?
What term is used to describe a mistake in genetic information?
What term is used to describe a mistake in genetic information?
What happens during transcription?
What happens during transcription?
Where does transcription occur?
Where does transcription occur?
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
What happens during translation?
What happens during translation?
Ribosomes can only read three letters at a time, what are these three letters?
Ribosomes can only read three letters at a time, what are these three letters?
Study Notes
Mitosis
- Somatic cells undergo mitosis for growth, repair, and replacement of old cells.
- Mitosis results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.
- If a parent cell has 50 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 50 chromosomes.
Meiosis
- Meiosis occurs in sex cells (gametes) and is essential for passing genetic information to offspring.
- This process produces four genetically different cells.
- In species like monkeys, body cells have 20 chromosomes, leading to gametes with 10 chromosomes.
Chromosome Types
- Somatic cells are diploid, meaning they contain the full set of chromosomes.
- Sex cells are haploid, containing half the number of chromosomes.
Genetic Variation
- Genetic variation in meiosis arises from the combination of genes from the sperm and egg during fertilization.
DNA Structure
- DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nucleotides, the monomers forming its polymer structure.
- The three components of DNA are phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous bases.
- The four nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
DNA Bonds and Structure
- Hydrogen bonds form between complementary nitrogenous base pairs.
- The DNA backbone consists of sugar and phosphate, while the "rungs" consist of nitrogenous bases.
- DNA has a double helix molecular structure.
DNA Replication
- DNA undergoes semi-conservative replication, meaning each new strand contains one old and one new DNA strand.
Central Dogma
- The central dogma of biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
Location of Genetic Information
- In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in the nucleus.
Genes and Mutations
- A gene is a distinct sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a chromosome.
- A mutation is a mistake in genetic information.
Transcription and Translation
- Transcription, occurring in the nucleus, involves creating mRNA from a DNA template.
- Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.
Differences Between DNA and RNA
- DNA has a double helix structure, while RNA is single-stranded.
- The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose.
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Description
Test your knowledge on mitosis, meiosis, and gene expression through these informative flashcards. Each card presents essential questions and definitions to reinforce your understanding of cell division and its importance in biology.
