Mitosis vs Meiosis Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the importance of mitosis in the life cycle of an organism or cell?

  • Form of sexual reproduction
  • Halves the gametes' chromosomes
  • Produces germ cells
  • Form of asexual reproduction to produce identical cells (correct)

    • What is the importance of meiosis in the life cycle of an organism or cell?

  • Form of sexual reproduction that halves the gametes' chromosomes (correct)
  • Produces identical cells
  • Produces body cells
  • Involves somatic cells

    • The type of reproduction that occurs in mitosis is sexual.

    False

    The type of reproduction that occurs in meiosis is asexual.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells undergo mitosis?

    <p>somatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells undergo meiosis?

    <p>germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells are produced by mitosis?

    <p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells are produced by meiosis?

    <p>gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of homologous chromosomes during prophase in mitosis?

    <p>independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of homologous chromosomes during prophase in meiosis?

    <p>synapsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do homologous chromosomes align during metaphase in mitosis?

    <p>line up singly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do homologous chromosomes align during metaphase in meiosis?

    <p>line up in pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclear divisions occur in mitosis?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nuclear divisions occur in meiosis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does DNA replication occur in mitosis?

    <p>once in interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does DNA replication occur in meiosis?

    <p>once in interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokinesis in mitosis?

    <p>splits once</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cytokinesis in meiosis?

    <p>splits twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mother cell's genetic makeup compared to daughter cells in mitosis?

    <p>same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mother cell's genetic makeup compared to daughter cells in meiosis?

    <p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe two parts of meiosis that are similar to mitosis.

    <p>cell division to produce new cells; metaphase II, anaphase II, and cytokinesis are the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do sister chromatids separate?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process are haploid cells formed?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does cell division occur once?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do homologous chromosomes pair?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do four haploid cells result?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does crossing over occur?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does cell division occur twice?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process are 2 diploid cells the result?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase does crossing over occur in meiosis?

    <p>prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the parent cell in mitosis start off as diploid or haploid? Does the daughter cell end up as diploid or haploid?

    <p>diploid, diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the parent cell in meiosis start off as diploid or haploid? Does the daughter cell end up as diploid or haploid?

    <p>diploid, haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of chromosomes in a sex cell compare with the number of chromosomes in the parent cell?

    <p>it's half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between chromosomes in Metaphase I of meiosis and Metaphase of mitosis?

    <p>in metaphase I, they're in homologous pairs. In metaphase, they're just individual chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mitosis referred to as a process of cell replication?

    <p>because the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is meiosis referred to as a process of cell reduction?

    <p>because it produces daughter cells that have half the amount of chromosomes as the parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis Overview

    • Form of asexual reproduction producing identical cells.
    • Involves somatic cells (body cells).
    • Results in two daughter cells, both diploid and genetically identical to the parent cell.
    • One nuclear division occurs with DNA replicated once in interphase.
    • Cytokinesis occurs once, splitting the cell into two.
    • Homologous chromosomes behave independently during prophase and line up singly during metaphase.

    Meiosis Overview

    • Type of sexual reproduction that produces gametes, halving chromosome number.
    • Involves germ cells (reproductive cells).
    • Results in four daughter cells, all haploid and genetically different from the parent cell.
    • Two nuclear divisions occur, with DNA replicated once in interphase.
    • Cytokinesis occurs twice, resulting in four cells.
    • In prophase, homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis; in metaphase, they line up in pairs.

    Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis

    • Both processes involve cell division to produce new cells.
    • Sister chromatids separate in both mitosis and meiosis.
    • Replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in both processes.
    • Mitosis results in two diploid cells; meiosis results in four haploid cells.
    • Crossing over occurs only in meiosis during prophase I.
    • Mitosis is referred to as cell replication, as daughter cells are genetically identical.
    • Meiosis is referred to as cell reduction, producing daughter cells that have half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

    Key Differences

    • Mitosis occurs once; meiosis occurs twice.
    • In metaphase I of meiosis, chromosomes are in pairs; in mitosis, they are single.
    • Parent cells in mitosis and meiosis start as diploid; however, daughter cells differ: diploid in mitosis and haploid in meiosis.

    Important Phases and Behaviors

    • Mitosis:
      • Independent assortment of chromosomes.
      • Final result: 2 identical diploid daughter cells.
    • Meiosis:
      • Synapsis of homologous chromosomes in prophase.
      • Final result: 4 genetically diverse haploid daughter cells.
    • Crossing over leads to genetic variability in meiotic daughter cells.

    Chromosome Counts

    • In sex cells produced by meiosis, chromosome count is half that of the parent cell.
    • Mitosis produces the same chromosome count in daughter cells as in the parent cell.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key differences between mitosis and meiosis with this engaging flashcard set. Explore their definitions, importance in life cycles, and types of reproduction. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cell division.

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