Questions and Answers
What is the importance of mitosis in the life cycle of an organism or cell?
What is the importance of meiosis in the life cycle of an organism or cell?
The type of reproduction that occurs in mitosis is sexual.
False
The type of reproduction that occurs in meiosis is asexual.
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What type of cells undergo mitosis?
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What type of cells undergo meiosis?
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What types of cells are produced by mitosis?
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What types of cells are produced by meiosis?
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What is the behavior of homologous chromosomes during prophase in mitosis?
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What is the behavior of homologous chromosomes during prophase in meiosis?
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How do homologous chromosomes align during metaphase in mitosis?
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How do homologous chromosomes align during metaphase in meiosis?
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How many nuclear divisions occur in mitosis?
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How many nuclear divisions occur in meiosis?
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When does DNA replication occur in mitosis?
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When does DNA replication occur in meiosis?
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What is cytokinesis in mitosis?
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What is cytokinesis in meiosis?
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How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
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How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
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What is the mother cell's genetic makeup compared to daughter cells in mitosis?
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What is the mother cell's genetic makeup compared to daughter cells in meiosis?
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Describe two parts of meiosis that are similar to mitosis.
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In which process do sister chromatids separate?
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In which process are haploid cells formed?
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In which process does cell division occur once?
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In which process do homologous chromosomes pair?
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In which process do four haploid cells result?
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In which process does crossing over occur?
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In which process does cell division occur twice?
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In which process do replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
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In which process are 2 diploid cells the result?
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What phase does crossing over occur in meiosis?
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Does the parent cell in mitosis start off as diploid or haploid? Does the daughter cell end up as diploid or haploid?
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Does the parent cell in meiosis start off as diploid or haploid? Does the daughter cell end up as diploid or haploid?
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How does the number of chromosomes in a sex cell compare with the number of chromosomes in the parent cell?
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What is the difference between chromosomes in Metaphase I of meiosis and Metaphase of mitosis?
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Why is mitosis referred to as a process of cell replication?
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Why is meiosis referred to as a process of cell reduction?
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Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Form of asexual reproduction producing identical cells.
- Involves somatic cells (body cells).
- Results in two daughter cells, both diploid and genetically identical to the parent cell.
- One nuclear division occurs with DNA replicated once in interphase.
- Cytokinesis occurs once, splitting the cell into two.
- Homologous chromosomes behave independently during prophase and line up singly during metaphase.
Meiosis Overview
- Type of sexual reproduction that produces gametes, halving chromosome number.
- Involves germ cells (reproductive cells).
- Results in four daughter cells, all haploid and genetically different from the parent cell.
- Two nuclear divisions occur, with DNA replicated once in interphase.
- Cytokinesis occurs twice, resulting in four cells.
- In prophase, homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis; in metaphase, they line up in pairs.
Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis
- Both processes involve cell division to produce new cells.
- Sister chromatids separate in both mitosis and meiosis.
- Replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in both processes.
- Mitosis results in two diploid cells; meiosis results in four haploid cells.
- Crossing over occurs only in meiosis during prophase I.
- Mitosis is referred to as cell replication, as daughter cells are genetically identical.
- Meiosis is referred to as cell reduction, producing daughter cells that have half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
Key Differences
- Mitosis occurs once; meiosis occurs twice.
- In metaphase I of meiosis, chromosomes are in pairs; in mitosis, they are single.
- Parent cells in mitosis and meiosis start as diploid; however, daughter cells differ: diploid in mitosis and haploid in meiosis.
Important Phases and Behaviors
- Mitosis:
- Independent assortment of chromosomes.
- Final result: 2 identical diploid daughter cells.
- Meiosis:
- Synapsis of homologous chromosomes in prophase.
- Final result: 4 genetically diverse haploid daughter cells.
- Crossing over leads to genetic variability in meiotic daughter cells.
Chromosome Counts
- In sex cells produced by meiosis, chromosome count is half that of the parent cell.
- Mitosis produces the same chromosome count in daughter cells as in the parent cell.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key differences between mitosis and meiosis with this engaging flashcard set. Explore their definitions, importance in life cycles, and types of reproduction. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cell division.
