Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What moves the chromatids during mitosis?

spindle fibers

What anchors the spindle?

Centrioles

What are the four phases of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

During what phase does cytokinesis begin?

telophase Signup and view all the answers

If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Each of those daughter cells will have how many chromosomes?

72 Signup and view all the answers

The nuclear membrane dissolves during what phase?

prophase Signup and view all the answers

What structure holds the individual chromatids together?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

The number of cells produced by meiosis is how many times more than the number of cells produced by mitosis?

Twice Signup and view all the answers

The number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis is how many times less than the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by mitosis?

half Signup and view all the answers

What is unique to meiosis?

crossing-over Signup and view all the answers

Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis & meiosis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions to the processes:

Mitosis = Creates body cells, producing two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis = Creates sex cells, resulting in four cells with half the number of chromosomes. Both = Involves phases that are similar in name and function. Interphase = Cell preparing for mitosis, chromosomes are not discernable. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during prophase?

Chromatin becomes dense, nucleolus disappears Signup and view all the answers

What aligns during metaphase?

spindle fibers align chromosomes along the middle of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

Fibers disperse, cells start to separate Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

Cells are separate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis Overview

Spindle fibers are responsible for moving chromatids during mitosis.
Centrioles anchor the spindle fibers.
Mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
The process produces 2 identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis begins during the telophase.
Each daughter cell retains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (e.g., humans have 46 chromosomes).

Meiosis Overview

Meiosis creates sex cells, resulting in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (e.g., dogs have 72 chromosomes; each daughter cell will also have 72 chromosomes).
Chromosome duplication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis.
Meiosis features a unique process called crossing-over.
Daughter cells produced in meiosis are not identical, unlike those produced in mitosis.

Differences Between Mitosis & Meiosis

Mitosis produces body cells while meiosis produces sex cells.
Mitosis has four phases completed once, while meiosis has nine phases completed in two rounds.
Mitosis yields cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, whereas meiosis results in cells with half the chromosome number.

Similarities Between Mitosis & Meiosis

Both processes involve the same phase names.
New cells are created through both processes.
Chromosomes are copied during interphase before both mitosis and meiosis.

Importance of Meiosis

Meiosis is crucial for reproduction, generating cells with half the normal chromosome count to ensure that offspring have the correct number of chromosomes.
It enhances genetic diversity through processes like crossing-over.

Phases of Mitosis

Interphase: Preparation phase where chromosomes are not visible, but the nucleolus is apparent.
Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nucleolus disappears, and centrioles move to opposite poles.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, guided by spindle fibers.
Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase: Fibers disperse, and cells begin the separation process.
Cytokinesis: The final step where cell cleavage occurs, resulting in the formation of two separate cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge of mitosis and meiosis with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and concepts related to the processes of cell division, including phases and key structures involved. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics and cellular biology.