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Questions and Answers
What moves the chromatids during mitosis?
What moves the chromatids during mitosis?
spindle fibers
What anchors the spindle?
What anchors the spindle?
Centrioles
What are the four phases of mitosis?
What are the four phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis?
How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis?
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During what phase does cytokinesis begin?
During what phase does cytokinesis begin?
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If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?
If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?
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If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle?
If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle?
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Each of those daughter cells will have how many chromosomes?
Each of those daughter cells will have how many chromosomes?
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The nuclear membrane dissolves during what phase?
The nuclear membrane dissolves during what phase?
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What structure holds the individual chromatids together?
What structure holds the individual chromatids together?
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The number of cells produced by meiosis is how many times more than the number of cells produced by mitosis?
The number of cells produced by meiosis is how many times more than the number of cells produced by mitosis?
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The number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis is how many times less than the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by mitosis?
The number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis is how many times less than the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by mitosis?
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What is unique to meiosis?
What is unique to meiosis?
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Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.
Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.
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Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis & meiosis.
Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis & meiosis.
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Match the descriptions to the processes:
Match the descriptions to the processes:
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What happens during prophase?
What happens during prophase?
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What aligns during metaphase?
What aligns during metaphase?
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What occurs during anaphase?
What occurs during anaphase?
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What happens during telophase?
What happens during telophase?
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What is cytokinesis?
What is cytokinesis?
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Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Spindle fibers are responsible for moving chromatids during mitosis.
- Centrioles anchor the spindle fibers.
- Mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- The process produces 2 identical daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis begins during the telophase.
- Each daughter cell retains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (e.g., humans have 46 chromosomes).
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis creates sex cells, resulting in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (e.g., dogs have 72 chromosomes; each daughter cell will also have 72 chromosomes).
- Chromosome duplication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis.
- Meiosis features a unique process called crossing-over.
- Daughter cells produced in meiosis are not identical, unlike those produced in mitosis.
Differences Between Mitosis & Meiosis
- Mitosis produces body cells while meiosis produces sex cells.
- Mitosis has four phases completed once, while meiosis has nine phases completed in two rounds.
- Mitosis yields cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, whereas meiosis results in cells with half the chromosome number.
Similarities Between Mitosis & Meiosis
- Both processes involve the same phase names.
- New cells are created through both processes.
- Chromosomes are copied during interphase before both mitosis and meiosis.
Importance of Meiosis
- Meiosis is crucial for reproduction, generating cells with half the normal chromosome count to ensure that offspring have the correct number of chromosomes.
- It enhances genetic diversity through processes like crossing-over.
Phases of Mitosis
- Interphase: Preparation phase where chromosomes are not visible, but the nucleolus is apparent.
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nucleolus disappears, and centrioles move to opposite poles.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, guided by spindle fibers.
- Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell.
- Telophase: Fibers disperse, and cells begin the separation process.
- Cytokinesis: The final step where cell cleavage occurs, resulting in the formation of two separate cells.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of mitosis and meiosis with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and concepts related to the processes of cell division, including phases and key structures involved. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics and cellular biology.
