Questions and Answers
What moves the chromatids during mitosis?
spindle fibers
What anchors the spindle?
Centrioles
What are the four phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
How many daughter cells are created from mitosis and cytokinesis?
Signup and view all the answers
During what phase does cytokinesis begin?
Signup and view all the answers
If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell?
Signup and view all the answers
If a dog cell has 72 chromosomes, how many daughter cells will be created during a single cell cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Each of those daughter cells will have how many chromosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
The nuclear membrane dissolves during what phase?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure holds the individual chromatids together?
Signup and view all the answers
The number of cells produced by meiosis is how many times more than the number of cells produced by mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
The number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by meiosis is how many times less than the number of chromosomes in daughter cells produced by mitosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is unique to meiosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.
Signup and view all the answers
Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis & meiosis.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the descriptions to the processes:
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during prophase?
Signup and view all the answers
What aligns during metaphase?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during anaphase?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during telophase?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cytokinesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Mitosis Overview
- Spindle fibers are responsible for moving chromatids during mitosis.
- Centrioles anchor the spindle fibers.
- Mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- The process produces 2 identical daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis begins during the telophase.
- Each daughter cell retains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (e.g., humans have 46 chromosomes).
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis creates sex cells, resulting in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes (e.g., dogs have 72 chromosomes; each daughter cell will also have 72 chromosomes).
- Chromosome duplication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis.
- Meiosis features a unique process called crossing-over.
- Daughter cells produced in meiosis are not identical, unlike those produced in mitosis.
Differences Between Mitosis & Meiosis
- Mitosis produces body cells while meiosis produces sex cells.
- Mitosis has four phases completed once, while meiosis has nine phases completed in two rounds.
- Mitosis yields cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, whereas meiosis results in cells with half the chromosome number.
Similarities Between Mitosis & Meiosis
- Both processes involve the same phase names.
- New cells are created through both processes.
- Chromosomes are copied during interphase before both mitosis and meiosis.
Importance of Meiosis
- Meiosis is crucial for reproduction, generating cells with half the normal chromosome count to ensure that offspring have the correct number of chromosomes.
- It enhances genetic diversity through processes like crossing-over.
Phases of Mitosis
- Interphase: Preparation phase where chromosomes are not visible, but the nucleolus is apparent.
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, nucleolus disappears, and centrioles move to opposite poles.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate, guided by spindle fibers.
- Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite sides of the cell.
- Telophase: Fibers disperse, and cells begin the separation process.
- Cytokinesis: The final step where cell cleavage occurs, resulting in the formation of two separate cells.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of mitosis and meiosis with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and concepts related to the processes of cell division, including phases and key structures involved. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics and cellular biology.
