Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What are the functions of mitotic cell division?

Replacement of cells, growth of multicellular organisms, and asexual reproduction.

Which of the following are products of cell division by mitosis?

  • Four cells genetically identical to the original cell
  • Two cells genetically identical to the original cell (correct)
  • One cell genetically identical to the original cell
  • Three cells genetically identical to the original cell

Select the reasons why meiosis typically produces genetic variation, whereas mitosis does not.

  • Sister chromatids are genetically identical
  • Crossing over occurs during meiosis (correct)
  • Independent assortment of chromosomes (correct)
  • Mitosis produces identical daughter cells (correct)

What is a telocentric chromosome?

Signup and view all the answers

What is a submetacentric chromosome?

Signup and view all the answers

What is a metacentric chromosome?

Signup and view all the answers

What is an acrocentric chromosome?

Signup and view all the answers

What difference is observed during prophase of mitosis between haploid and diploid cells?

<p>In the haploid cell, only one pair of DNA molecules is present, whereas in the diploid cell, two pairs are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes separate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during prophase I of meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes form (B), Crossing over occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase II of meiosis?

<p>Nuclear membrane begins to form around haploid sets of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes and DNA molecules does the primary spermatocyte of a rat have if its somatic cell contains 42 chromosomes?

<p>Chromosomes = 42, DNA Molecules = 84</p> Signup and view all the answers

A male giant panda has 42 chromosomes in its skin cells. This represents the __________ chromosome number.

<p>diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

As the animal's old skin cells die and slough off, cells nearby divide through _____________ to produce more skin cells.

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Germ cells within the animal's testicles undergo ______________ to replicate themselves and _______________ to produce sperm.

<p>mitosis; meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells produced by mitosis in this panda have a __________ chromosome number and are produced after ___________ are pulled apart into separate daughter cells.

<p>diploid; sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells produced by meiosis I in this panda have a _____________ chromosome number and are produced after _________________ have been pulled apart into separate daughter cells.

<p>haploid; homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells produced by meiosis II in this animal have a ____________________ chromosome number and are produced after ______________ have been pulled apart into separate daughter cells.

<p>haploid; sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Order the events of meiotic crossover from the start of prophase I to the start of metaphase I.

<ol> <li>Chromosomes begin to condense; 2. The synaptonemal complex aligns homologs into tetrads; 3. Crossing over occurs; 4. Homologs are connected by chiasmata; 5. Chromosomes condense further.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis function

Cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms.

Mitosis products

Two identical diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis variation

Crossing over and independent assortment create genetic diversity.

Telocentric chromosome

Centromere at one end, one long arm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Submetacentric chromosome

Centromere slightly off center, unequal arms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metacentric chromosome

Centromere in the middle, equal arms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acrocentric chromosome

Centromere near one end, very short arm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis I outcome

Two haploid daughter cells, homologous chromosomes separated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis II outcome

Four haploid daughter cells, sister chromatids separated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiotic crossover

Genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prophase I (Meiosis)

Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaphase I (Meiosis)

Homologous chromosomes separate, sister chromatids stay together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Telophase II (Meiosis)

Nuclear membrane forms around haploid chromosome sets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis makes identical diploid cells, meiosis makes unique haploid cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diploid chromosome number

The total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interphase (Meiosis)

The phase where DNA replicates before Meiosis begins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Skin cell division

Skin cells divide by mitosis to replace damaged ones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Germ cell division

Germ cells first divide by mitosis, then meiosis to create gametes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Functions of Mitotic Cell Division

  • Cell division serves to replace damaged or dead cells, ensuring the longevity of multicellular organisms.
  • Mitosis facilitates growth in multicellular organisms, producing new cells for tissue expansion.
  • Asexual reproduction is achieved through mitotic division in some single-celled organisms.

Products of Mitosis

  • Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original parent cell.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  • Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, maintaining genetic consistency.
  • Meiosis introduces genetic variation due to:
    • Crossing over that occurs between homologous chromosomes.
    • Independent assortment, which enables different combinations of alleles to be passed to gametes.

Chromosome Types

  • Telocentric chromosomes have their centromere located at one end.
  • Submetacentric chromosomes have their centromere slightly off-center, resulting in one arm being longer than the other.
  • Metacentric chromosomes have a centrally located centromere, leading to two arms of equal length.
  • Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere located close to one end, causing one arm to be significantly shorter.

Differences in Cell Composition During Mitosis

  • During prophase of mitosis, the haploid cell contains one pair of DNA molecules, while the diploid cell has two pairs.

Stages of Meiosis

  • Interphase allows for chromosome replication before meiosis begins.
  • Prophase I involves homologous chromosomes pairing and crossing over.
  • Metaphase I has homologous pairs aligning in the center of the cell.
  • Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes, unlike in mitosis where sister chromatids separate.
  • Telophase I and cytokinesis produce two haploid daughter cells.
  • Prophase II sees the reforming of spindle fibers.
  • In Metaphase II, sister chromatids align at the cell's center.
  • Anaphase II results in the separation of sister chromatids.
  • Telophase II and cytokinesis yield four haploid cells.

Chromosomal Behavior in Meiosis

  • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain attached.
  • Prophase I: Formation of homologous chromosome pairs and crossing over occurs.
  • Telophase II: Nuclear membrane forms around haploid chromosome sets.

Chromosome Numbers in Animals

  • In rats, the primary spermatocyte (2n = 42) contains 42 chromosomes and 84 DNA molecules due to replication.
  • Diploid chromosome number is indicated by the total count in somatic cells, such as that in giant pandas (42 chromosomes).

Cell Division Processes in Animals

  • Skin cells divide through mitosis to replace old or damaged cells.
  • Germ cells undergo mitosis to replicate, followed by meiosis to produce sperm.

Chromosome Number in Meiosis

  • Mitosis results in diploid cells post-separation of sister chromatids.
  • Meiosis I results in haploid cells following the separation of homologous chromosomes.
  • Meiosis II results in haploid cells after the separation of sister chromatids.

Meiotic Crossover Events

  • Events of meiotic crossover include chromosome condensation, homolog alignment, crossing over, chiasmata formation, and further condensation as chiasmata become visible.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
15 questions
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
15 questions
Cell Biology Quiz: Mitosis and Meiosis
47 questions

Cell Biology Quiz: Mitosis and Meiosis

PowerfulGreenTourmaline6778 avatar
PowerfulGreenTourmaline6778
Mitosis, Meiosis, & Cell Division
40 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser