Mitosis vs Meiosis Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Describe the purpose of mitosis.

Make body cells (somatic cells)

How many times does the cell divide during mitosis?

Once

What kind of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

Somatic cells

What are sister chromatids?

Two identical copies formed by a single chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during prophase.

Nucleus disappears and the centriole forms Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during metaphase.

Lines up in the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to the centromere Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during anaphase.

The sister chromatids are pulled apart Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during telophase.

Cleave furrow forms and chromatids move to opposite sides Signup and view all the answers

Is cytokinesis part of mitosis?

False Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe what happens during cytokinesis.

Cytoplasm divides and daughter cells form Signup and view all the answers

Describe the purpose of meiosis.

To make sex cells AKA gametes Signup and view all the answers

How many times does the cell divide during meiosis?

Twice Signup and view all the answers

What kind of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Sex cells Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between prophase 1 and prophase 2.

1- diploid chromosome (in pairs); 2- haploid chromosomes with two chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2.

1- diploid chromosome (in pairs) line up at equator; 2- haploid chromosomes line up at equator Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the difference between telophase 1 and telophase 2.

1- nuclear membrane reforms around chromosome with two chromatids; 2- nuclear membrane reforms around chromosome (only 1 chromatid) (haploid) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to cell division if a chemical was put in the cell that did not allow for cell division to occur?

The cell would die and would not be able to reproduce - damage would be caused Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis

Purpose is to create somatic (body) cells.
Involves one round of cell division.
Produces two identical somatic cells at the end.
Sister chromatids are formed by duplicating a single chromosome.

Phases of Mitosis

Prophase: Nucleus disappears; centrioles form and move to opposite poles.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator; spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase: Cleavage furrow appears; chromatids reach opposite poles.

Additional Details

Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, is not part of mitosis but follows it.
In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Meiosis

Purpose is to produce sex cells (gametes).
Involves two rounds of cell division.
Results in four non-identical sex cells (haploid).

Phases of Meiosis

Prophase I: Diploid chromosomes exist in pairs; crossing over occurs, enhancing genetic diversity.
Metaphase I: Diploid pairs line up at the equator of the cell.
Prophase II: Haploid chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids, are present.
Metaphase II: Haploid chromosomes align at the equator.
Telophase I: Nuclear membrane reforms around pairs of chromatids.
Telophase II: Nuclear membranes reform, resulting in haploid cells with single chromatids.

Consequences of Inhibiting Cell Division

If a chemical halts cell division, it results in cell death and prevents reproduction, causing potential damage to tissues and organs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of mitosis and meiosis with these flashcards. Learn about the purpose of cell division, the types of cells produced, and the characteristics of sister chromatids. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cellular processes.