Milady Standard Cosmetology Chapter 7

Skin Disorders and Structure

• Acne is a skin disorder involving chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands due to retained secretions and bacteria.
• Callus forms from continuous exposure to pressure, causing skin thickening, especially on hands and feet.

Skin Components

• Collagen is a fibrous protein providing strength and form to the skin.
• Elastin is similar to collagen but provides elasticity to tissues.
• Keratin is a fibrous protein that's a principal component of hair and nails.
• Melanin are tiny grains of pigment responsible for skin color; produced by melanocytes.

Hair and Skin Anatomy

• Dermis, or true skin, is the underlying layer composed of two parts: papillary layer (outer) and reticular layer (deeper).
• Dermal papillae are cone-shaped elevations at the base of hair follicles, fitting into the hair bulb.
• Epidermis is the outermost layer, consisting of five layers, including stratum corneum (horny layer) and stratum germinativum (deepest layer for cell production).

Skin Glands and Functions

• Sebaceous (oil) glands are connected to hair follicles and secrete sebum, which lubricates and softens hair and skin.
• Sudoriferous (sweat) glands help detoxify the body by excreting perspiration, excess salt, and unwanted chemicals.

Skin Health and Vitamins

• Vitamin A is crucial for skin health, aiding in the repair and elasticity of skin cells.
• Vitamin C plays a vital role in skin and tissue repair and promotes collagen production.
• Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and rapid skin healing.
• Vitamin E offers protection from harmful UV rays.

Sensory and Nervous System Components

• Sensory nerve fibers react to sensations like temperature and pressure.
• Motor nerve fibers are distributed to arrector pili muscles, causing goosebumps.
• Tactile corpuscles are sensitive structures in the epidermis that respond to touch and pressure.

Skin Conditions

• Comedo, often known as a blackhead, occurs when a hair follicle is clogged with keratin and sebum.
• Papules are small elevations on the skin that may develop into pustules containing pus.
• Pustules are inflamed papules with a white or yellow center.
• Propionibacterium acne is the bacteria associated with acne.

Professionals in Skin Care

• Dermatologist specializes in skin, hair, and nails diseases and disorders.
• Esthetician focuses on skin cleansing, beautification, and health preservation.