NJ State Board Cosmetology Review

Hair Lighteners

• Three forms of hair lighteners: oil, powder, and cream.

Gray Hair

• Pre-softening is used to treat gray hair for better color application.

Acid Perms

• Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) is the main ingredient in acid perms.

Alkaline Wave

• The pH range of an alkaline wave (cold wave) is between 9.0 and 9.6.

Wet-Setting

• Wet-setting breaks hydrogen bonds in the hair.

Toner Application

• Pre-lightening the hair is a typical step before applying toner.

Hair Cutting Techniques

• Palming the shears allows simultaneous holding of comb and shears.
• The ring finger is placed in the hole of the stationary blade (still blade) of the shears for better control.

Hair Texture

• Hair texture can be classified as fine, medium, or coarse.

Hair Structure

• The cortex of the hair is responsible for color, strength, and elasticity.

Shaving Preparation

• Lathering the face before shaving cleanses, softens hair, and creates a smooth surface.

Freehand Stroke

• To perform a freehand stroke, place the tip of the thumb behind the blade.

Razor Maintenance

• Oil on a razor helps to keep it sharp, prolong its life, and maintain effectiveness.

Shaving Techniques

• Shaving against the grain can lead to skin irritation.

License Expiration

• Cosmetology and related licenses expire on September 30 of even years.

Permanent Waving

• End papers are used in the permanent waving process to prevent hair from over-processing.
• The piggyback method is a perm technique used for long hair.

Hair Type and Perms

• Mild perms are suitable for thin and weak hair.

Color Theory

• Red neutralizes green in color applications.

Patch Testing

• A skin patch test should be performed 24-48 hours prior to a service.

Strand Testing

• A strand test determines how hair reacts to color and treatment.

Hair Thinning

• Slithering is a technique that thins hair to graduated lengths.

Post-Facial Care

• Toner is applied after removing a face mask to rebalance skin pH and close pores.

Electrolysis Services

• Cosmetologists are not authorized to perform electrolysis.

Facial Care

• Facial toners help to rebalance skin pH and close pores.

Massage Techniques

• Tapotement involves quick tapping, slapping, and hacking movements during massage.

Makeup Sanitation

• Spatulas are an essential tool for ensuring sanitation in makeup application.

Eyebrow Shaping

• The orbital bone guides the shaping of eyebrows.

Skin Discoloration

• Macules, liver spots, and freckles are types of flat discolorations of the skin.

Bacterial Knowledge

• Pathogenic bacteria are harmful.

Salon Sanitation

• Household bleach can be used to disinfect salons.

Disinfectant Properties

• Salon disinfectants must be bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal.

Disinfection Steps

• Proper disinfection involves cleaning and then using an EPA-registered disinfectant.

Service Protocols

• Services can be performed if a wound is covered appropriately.

Hair Study

• Trichology is the study of hair.

Multi-Use Items

• Items that are hard and non-porous are considered multi-use.

First Aid Guidelines

• The "first aid" category in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) includes important symptoms, effects, and treatments.

Client Assessment

• A client showing symptoms is described as symptomatic.

Shampoo Applications

• Clarifying shampoo is used to remove product buildup.

Hair Cutting Basics

• Elevation is the angle at which a section of hair is lifted from the head.

Layering Techniques

• 180-degree elevation results in long layers.
• 90-degree elevation is the most common for achieving layers.

Haircuts

• A blunt cut is also known as a bowl or pageboy haircut.

Shampoo Selection

• Balancing shampoo is specifically designed for oily hair.

Thermal Tools

• A hard rubber comb is used with thermal irons.

Natural Hair Color

• Henna, a product from leaves and bark, is used for natural hair coloring.

Client Health Concerns

• Clients with athlete's foot (tinea pedis) must be refused service for hygiene reasons.

Nail Health

• Minor injuries to the nail matrix commonly cause leukonychia (white spots on nails).

Razor Sharpness

• The sharpness of a razor can be tested on paper.

Hangnail Treatments

• Hot oil treatments are effective for managing hangnails.

Nail Dehydration

• The purpose of a nail dehydrator is to remove surface moisture before application.

Perm Recommendations

• A true acid wave is recommended for extremely porous hair types.

Cuticle Care

• The wooden pusher is best for pushing back cuticles.

Nail Buffing Techniques

• Lifting the buffer while buffing prevents friction, heat, and potential infection.

Patch Testing Timing

• The preliminary disposition (patch) test is performed before applying tint.

Workstation Protocol

• A workstation must be cleaned properly before disinfection.

Nail Anatomy

• The cuticle is the colorless tissue attached to the nail plate.

Post-Hair Care

• A regular conditioner is applied after a hair mask treatment.

Hair Lighting Process

• A double process involves bleaching (pre-lightening) hair followed by toning.

Skin Lesions

• A local infection (like a pimple) can be an open lesion of the skin.

Hair Processing Risks

• Using excessive hydrogen peroxide can lead to unwanted hair lightening.

Acrylic Nail Care

• New growth for tips (acrylic nails) should be refilled.

Tip Application Method

• The tip application method involves stop, rock, and hold techniques.

Shaving Preparation

• A steam towel is used first during the shaving process.

Massage Techniques

• Petrissage entails squeezing and pinching movements in massage.

Wound Care

• Stylistic powder is applied to cuts for better healing.

Hair Cutting Lines

• Horizontal lines in hair cutting build weight.

Hair Relaxation Limits

• Relaxers should not remove more than 80% of the hair's bonds.

Perm Ingredients

• Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMGT) and thioglycolic acid (ATG) are the primary ingredients in perms.

Chemical Interaction

• Glyceryl monothioglycolate is the full name of GMGT.

Hard Water Effects

• Hard water can prevent hair from lathering due to excessive minerals.

Hair Composition

• Fine hair contains tightly compact molecules.

Hair Color Type

• Temporary hair color sits primarily on the cuticle layer.

Color Molecules

• Permanent color contains small molecules, while larger molecules are formed when combined with hydrogen peroxide.

Canities

• Canities is the term for gray hair.

Styling Techniques

• Full base and on base techniques create volume in hairstyles.

Shop License Expiration

• Shop licenses expire on July 31 of odd years.

Shampoo for Oily Hair

• Balancing shampoo is used on oily scalps.

Pin Curl Components

• Pin curls consist of three parts: base, stem, and circle.

Eyebrow Bone Reference

• The orbital bone refers to the area associated with the eyebrow.

Eyebrow Tweezing Direction

• Eyebrows are tweezed in the direction of hair growth.

Nail Anatomy

• The lunula is the visible part of the nail matrix that covers the base of the nail.

Acne Bacteria

• Staphylococci are bacteria known to cause acne and pimples.

Diffuser Usage

• A diffuser is used on a blow dryer to enhance styling.

Initial Disinfection Step

• The first step in disinfecting is sanitizing or cleaning the area.

Regulatory Agencies

• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates products for infection control efficacy.
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enforces health and safety standards in the workplace.

Protective Measures

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes items that safeguard workers in various environments.

Alopecia Areata

• Alopecia areata describes the condition characterized by smooth, circular bald patches.

Effilating Technique

• Effilating is the French term synonymous with slithering in hair cutting.

Natural Tint

• Henna is a natural hair color derived from plants, specifically a vegetable tint.

Toner Application Sequence

• Toner is applied after pre-lightening (bleaching) the hair.

Hydrogen Peroxide Role

• Hydrogen peroxide serves as an oxidizing agent (developer) in hair processes.

Absorbency of Hair

• Porous hair has a high absorbency for liquids.

Tangle Removal

• A wide tooth comb is ideal for effectively removing tangles from hair.

Sebum Production

• Overactive sebaceous glands produce excess sebum (oil).

Facial Massage Pressure Direction

• Pressure during facial massage movements should be applied from muscle insertion toward origin.

Milia Appearance

• Milia typically occurs on fine skin textures.

Astringent Use

• An astringent is applied after tweezing eyebrows to contract the skin and minimize irritation.