Questions and Answers
What is a combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties called?
Mixture
What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?
Physical
If a product has a pH of 8.9, what is it considered?
Alkaline
What is a special type of oil used in nail polish dryers and as a skin protectant?
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There are about ______ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinctive physical and chemical properties.
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Pure water with a pH of 7 is considered what?
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What is the separating of a substance into ions known as?
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When fermented to make wine, what is the sugar in grapes converted into?
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What do we call liquids that mix easily?
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In creating a solution, what is the liquid used to dissolve a substance called?
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A molecule is formed by joining two or more _____ chemically.
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What do we call an alteration of the properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance?
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The tail of a surfactant molecule is ______, meaning oil-loving.
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A preparation made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance is called what?
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_______ are substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
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What do we call a permanent mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder?
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Temporary mixtures of two kinds of matter are known as what?
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What is organic chemistry the study of?
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Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are called what?
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When two or more elements combine chemically, what do they form?
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What is the branch of chemistry which deals with products that do not contain carbon called?
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Anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in either a solid, liquid, or gas form is known as what?
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What is the smallest particle of an element?
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Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called what?
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A new product formed by the uniting of two or more elements is known as what?
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_______ organic compounds are substances containing carbon and evaporate very quickly and easily.
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What is created when two or more atoms are joined together chemically?
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Another name for alkalis is what?
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When a substance is combined with oxygen, what is it called?
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A chemical reaction in which oxygen is removed from or hydrogen is added to a substance is called what?
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Redox is a contraction for what?
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A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound is known as what?
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The head of a surfactant molecule is _______ meaning water-loving.
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Study Notes
Basics of Chemistry
- A mixture is made up of substances combined physically, not chemically.
- A physical change occurs when ice melts into water, demonstrating a change in state without altering chemical composition.
- Products with a pH above 7 are classified as alkaline; for instance, a product with a pH of 8.9 is alkaline.
- Silicone oils are utilized in nail polish dryers and as skin protectants.
- Approximately 90 naturally occurring elements exist, each possessing unique physical and chemical properties.
- Neutral substances, such as pure water, have a pH of 7.
- Ionization refers to the process of breaking down a substance into ions.
- Ethyl alcohol is produced through fermentation, converting grape sugars into alcohol.
- Miscible liquids mix easily with each other.
- A solvent is the liquid component in a solution responsible for dissolving other substances.
- Atoms combine chemically to form a molecule.
- A physical change results in altered properties without creating a new substance.
- The tail of a surfactant is lipophilic, meaning it has an affinity for oils.
- A solution is formed when solid, liquid, or gas substances are dissolved in a solvent.
- Alkanolamines are used in hair products to neutralize acids or adjust pH levels.
- An emulsion is a stable mixture of two or more substances using a binder.
- Suspensions are temporary mixtures where two kinds of matter are combined.
- Organic chemistry focuses on substances that contain carbon.
- Surfactants allow oil and water to mix by acting as a bridge.
- A compound forms when two or more elements combine chemically.
- Inorganic chemistry examines substances that do not contain carbon.
- Matter encompasses anything with mass that occupies space and can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
- The atom is the smallest unit of an element.
- Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
- A compound is the new product arising from the union of multiple elements.
- Volatile organic compounds swiftly evaporate and contain carbon.
- A molecule is created through the chemical bonding of two or more atoms.
- Another term for alkalis is bases.
- A substance is considered oxidized when it reacts with oxygen.
- A reduction reaction involves the addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen from a substance.
- Redox is shorthand for oxidation-reduction reactions.
- A reducing agent supplies hydrogen to or removes oxygen from a chemical compound.
- The head of a surfactant molecule is hydrophilic, indicating a preference for water.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on the basics of chemistry from Milady Chapter 7. Each card covers key terms and concepts essential for understanding the chemical principles relevant to beauty and wellness. Perfect for students preparing for exams in cosmetology and related fields.
