Questions and Answers
The surface of a healthy natural nail should be ________.
smooth and unspotted
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as ________.
Beau's line
What is a condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?
Bruised nails
Which type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?
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When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _______ occurs.
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Which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?
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Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) _______.
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Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots in the nails is known as ______.
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Leukonychia spots result from ________.
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A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base of the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _______.
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Melanocytes are ______.
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An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.
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Excessive use of _______ can cause onychorrhexis.
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A highly curved nail plate often called 'folded nail', caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _______.
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________ often leads to ingrown nails.
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Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _______.
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Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _______.
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____ are always positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.
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The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _______.
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Moriah had a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _______.
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Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _______.
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Which of the following is an infectious nail condition?
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________ refers to a fungal infection of the nail.
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Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?
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If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is likely that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.
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Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _______.
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A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as molds, is ________.
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In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _________.
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Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called ________.
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A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?
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Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _________.
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An ingrown nail is called a(n) ______.
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The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _______.
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________ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed.
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Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _________.
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Study Notes
Nail Health and Disorders
- Healthy natural nails should exhibit a smooth and unspotted surface.
- Beau's lines are visible depressions across the nail plate caused by serious illness or injury.
- Bruised nails occur when blood clots form under the nail plate, usually due to minor injuries.
Nail Characteristics
- Eggshell nails have a thin, white plate and are more flexible than normal nails.
- Hangnails happen when the eponychium or surrounding tissue is split or torn, often treatable with a hot oil manicure.
Signs and Symptoms of Nail Issues
- Redness, pain, and swelling are classic indicators of infection.
- Leukonychia refers to minor damage creating white spots on nails, resulting from matrix injury.
- Melanonychia is identified by a dark band in the nail plate from increased pigmentation.
Nail Conditions and Treatments
- Melanocytes are the pigment-producing cells affecting nail color.
- Onychocryptosis describes the condition where individuals habitually bite their nails.
- Onychorrhexis, or nail splitting, can result from overuse of cuticle removers.
Structural Nail Disorders
- Plicatured nails, or folded nails, are highly curved due to injury or genetics and can lead to ingrown nails.
- Vertical ridges on nails arise from uneven growth and aging.
- Splinter hemorrhages, caused by trauma, appear as small blood deposits along the nail.
Nail Deformities
- Trumpet nails curl around from the edges to form a sharp cone at the free edge, classified under onychosis.
- Onychia is the inflammation of the nail matrix, often leading to nail shedding.
- Onychomycosis is a fungal infection affecting nails, which is specific to nail disorders.
Infection and Bacterial Concerns
- Onychomycosis refers specifically to fungal infections of the nail.
- Fungi can sometimes infect hands and feet, presenting a risk for skin and nail conditions.
- Infection from services provided to clients with fungal issues is deemed unlikely for cosmetologists.
Bacterial Infections
- Discolorations in the nail, often yellow-green, indicate potential bacterial infections.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common skin bacterium that can cause nail infections and is improperly referred to as mold.
- Pyogenic granuloma manifests as severe inflammation with red tissue growth from the nail bed to the nail plate.
Common Nail Conditions
- Tinea pedis is known as athlete's foot, a fungal condition.
- Nail psoriasis may present as tiny pits or roughness on the nail surface.
- An ingrown nail is referred to as onychocryptosis, while onycholysis signifies lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding.
Causes of Nail Issues
- Allergic reactions from the nail bed can lead to onycholysis.
- Onychomadesis indicates nail plate separation due to local infection, resulting in detachment.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering nail disorders and diseases from Milady's Chapter 10. Each card presents key terms and definitions essential for understanding healthy nail characteristics and common nail ailments. Prepare for your exam and reinforce your learning effectively.
