Migration Theories Quiz

<p>The utility derived from the new job in year t. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary sector jobs characterized by low wages and poor conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disequilibrium approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are one-time costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the Net Present Value (NPV) is greater than zero. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age, education, marital status, distance, and time preference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As influenced by broader social entities, such as households or communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a significant motivator for migration, where those who feel more deprived are more likely to move. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial wage differences are compensating differentials, reflecting differences in amenities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-compensating regional differences in wages after considering amenity differentials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The re-evaluation of the migration decision. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing the number of job-seekers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing job opportunities due to capital substitution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rise in wages for workers with similar skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By setting up entrepreneurial activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain drain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reduction of human capital through (return) migration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remittances, return migration, and diaspora. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directly depletes the country's human capital and indirectly hinders the education of future generations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term reduction of human capital due to 'brain waste'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dependency of families on remittances, leading to reduced labor efforts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in a depletion of the population and an aging structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large-scale emigration causing temporary labor shortages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This information is not covered in the text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can alter behaviors and incentives due to separations or reduction in the number of individuals of reproductive age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A brain drain of health workers, adverse effects on the health of migrant workers, and increased disease transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detrimental effects on educational outcomes, health, and economic activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing resources for investment in production, stimulating exports, and contributing to human capital. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They boost investment in education and health thus contributing to human capital formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through higher household consumption, leading to multiplier effects that stimulate the market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can provoke inflation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can worsen the balance of payments through increased imports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing opportunities to finance essential human needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can increase income inequality if the poor are underrepresented among migrants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows temporary relief from unemployment and poverty. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory suggests that people move to places where they can earn more money or have better job opportunities.

This theory suggests that migration is driven by economic factors, with individuals choosing the location where they can maximize their potential earnings after considering migration costs.

The theory posits that migration is driven by demand for labor in segmented labor markets, specifically in secondary sectors that offer undesirable jobs that locals are unwilling to take.

The utility derived from the new job in a given year.

The utility derived from the old job in a given year.

The length of time one expects to work at a specific job or location.

The discount rate used to calculate the present value of future benefits.

The process by which individuals move from their home country to another country seeking employment.

Money sent back to a home country by individuals who have migrated for work.

When migrants return to their home country after working abroad.

A group of people who share a common origin, culture, or language, living outside their homeland.

The potential benefit of international labor migration for sending countries where it can reduce unemployment by decreasing the number of job seekers.

The potential negative effect of international labor migration for sending countries where it can lead to a shortage of workers in certain industries or regions.

The potential positive effect of international labor migration for sending countries where it can lead to an increase in wages for workers with similar skills.

The positive effect of return migration where migrants bring back new skills, knowledge, and experiences that can benefit the home country.

The negative effect of return migration or emigration where the home country loses skilled workers to other countries.

The positive effect of international labor migration for sending countries where remittances allow migrants' families to start businesses and create new jobs.

When a family member relies on remittances instead of taking on work, potentially impacting their motivation to seek employment.

The impact of migration on the age structure of a population, especially in areas with high emigration rates.

The effect of migration on marriage, divorce, and fertility rates. For example, migration can lead to separation of couples across international boundaries.

The negative effect on children left behind when one or both parents migrate for work. This can impact their education, health, and future opportunities.

How migration can contribute to economic development by providing a source of investment in education, health, and innovative activities.

The process of transferring knowledge, skills, and technologies from migrants abroad to their home countries.

The idea that increased economic activity stimulates further economic growth due to increased income and spending.

The net present value (NPV) is used to calculate the overall benefits of a move, weighing the present value of future earnings in the new location against the current earnings and the cost of moving.

The theory states that migration is driven by economic factors, with individuals choosing the location where they can maximize their potential earnings after considering migration costs.

A household or community, not just an individual, makes the decision to migrate.

The theory suggests that migration can be viewed as a strategy to diversify risks by a household that has insufficient income.

The theory suggests that individuals who are more relatively deprived are more likely to migrate than those who are less relatively deprived.

The model suggests that wages adjust across locations to compensate for differences in living standards and amenities. As a result, there are no real opportunities for utility gains through migration.

This approach acknowledges that some regional differences in wages may exist after accounting for differences in living standards and amenities. These differences represent potential utility gains that could motivate migration.

The migration process involves three stages: (1) The propensity to migrate in general, (2) The motivation to migrate to a specific location, and (3) The actual decision to migrate.

The inflow of money sent by migrant workers to their home countries can contribute to increased local job opportunities and a more robust financial system due to the boosted demand on non-tradable goods.

While remittances can positively influence local economies, the influx of foreign currency can lead to an appreciation of the exchange rate, making a country's exports more expensive and potentially harming its competitiveness in international markets.

Money sent by workers abroad can be used to meet essential needs, access important public services like healthcare and education, provide financial stability during hardships, and improve overall household spending.

Migration and associated remittances can temporarily relieve poverty and unemployment, giving governments more flexibility in their budget allocation.

A decline in the working-age population due to emigration can hinder long-term economic growth because of its negative impact on factors like human capital development and overall economic productivity.